A Short Appraisal of Biological Macromolecules as Tethering Excipients for Improved Drug Delivery: Current Advances

ABSTRACTBiological macromolecules, encompassing proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, have garnered increasing attention as tethering excipients within the realms of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology. This concise appraisal offers a comprehensive overview of their multifaceted role, highlighting the latest advancements in their applications. Biological macromolecules, long regarded as fundamental components of life, have transitioned into pivotal agents that contribute significantly to drug development, drug formulation stability and the optimization of pharmacokinetic profiles. This review delineates how these macromolecules serve as integral players in the enhancement of drug delivery systems, enabling controlled release, targeted delivery, and improved bioavailability. Furthermore, they play a critical role in the stabilization of sensitive compounds, preserving their efficacy and extending their shelf life. Additionally, the interactions between macromolecules and therapeutic agents are pivotal in mitigating issues of solubility and bioavailability, further propelling their utility as excipients. Despite these promising attributes, challenges such as immunogenicity, scalability, and regulatory compliance persist. Navigating these hurdles necessitates a concerted effort from researchers, engineers, and regulatory bodies alike. In conclusion, biological macromolecules stand as formidable contenders in the field of tethering excipients. Their versatile applications in drug delivery, formulation stability, and pharmacokinetic enhancement hold the promise of revolutionizing the pharmaceutical and biotechnological landscapes. To realize this potential fully, the scientific community must continue to probe their intricacies, address challenges proactively, and foster collaborative efforts to ensure their seamless integration into the future of healthcare and therapeutics. Ultimately, the enduring impact of biological macromolecules on patient care is poised to be transformative and far-reaching.Keywords: Biological macromoleculestetheringtargetingtherapeuticsexcipientsDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also.