在生产过程中减少能源消耗的可持续性:化妆品乳液的案例

IF 3.4 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Slobodanka Tamburic, Jana Fröhlich, Shivani Mistry, Ludger Josef Fischer, Tim Barbary, Sylvie Bunyan, Elisabeth Dufton
{"title":"在生产过程中减少能源消耗的可持续性:化妆品乳液的案例","authors":"Slobodanka Tamburic, Jana Fröhlich, Shivani Mistry, Ludger Josef Fischer, Tim Barbary, Sylvie Bunyan, Elisabeth Dufton","doi":"10.3390/cosmetics10050132","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Energy input in emulsion manufacturing comprises thermal and mechanical energy, with thermal energy being predominant. In terms of raw material selection, there is a widely accepted belief that natural formulations are more “eco-friendly” than their standard (not natural) counterparts. The aim of this study was to compare the energy consumption and subsequent carbon footprint resulting from the production of two main emulsion types, each represented by its standard and natural variant and made by using different manufacturing processes (hot, hot-cold and cold). This resulted in six samples of oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion types, respectively. Scale-down calculations were used to establish the required homogenisation time and speed of the laboratory homogeniser, necessary to achieve the same shear rates as the chosen industrial vessel. The resulting emulsions were characterised using rheological and textural analysis. The six emulsions within each emulsion type have exhibited sufficiently similar characteristics for the purpose of carbon footprint comparisons. Calculations were conducted to quantify the energy input of hot and hot-cold procedures, followed by cradle-to-gate life cycle analysis (LCA). Energy calculations demonstrated that the hot-cold manufacturing process saved approximately 82% (for O/W) and 86% (for W/O) of thermal energy in comparison to the hot process. LCA has shown that the effects of using natural instead of standard ingredients were negative, i.e., it led to a higher carbon footprint. However, it was dwarfed by the effect of the energy used, specifically thermal energy during manufacturing. This strongly indicates that the most efficient way for companies to reduce their carbon footprint is to use the hot-cold emulsification process.","PeriodicalId":10735,"journal":{"name":"Cosmetics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Sustainability by Reduced Energy Consumption during Manufacturing: The Case of Cosmetic Emulsions\",\"authors\":\"Slobodanka Tamburic, Jana Fröhlich, Shivani Mistry, Ludger Josef Fischer, Tim Barbary, Sylvie Bunyan, Elisabeth Dufton\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/cosmetics10050132\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Energy input in emulsion manufacturing comprises thermal and mechanical energy, with thermal energy being predominant. In terms of raw material selection, there is a widely accepted belief that natural formulations are more “eco-friendly” than their standard (not natural) counterparts. The aim of this study was to compare the energy consumption and subsequent carbon footprint resulting from the production of two main emulsion types, each represented by its standard and natural variant and made by using different manufacturing processes (hot, hot-cold and cold). This resulted in six samples of oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion types, respectively. Scale-down calculations were used to establish the required homogenisation time and speed of the laboratory homogeniser, necessary to achieve the same shear rates as the chosen industrial vessel. The resulting emulsions were characterised using rheological and textural analysis. The six emulsions within each emulsion type have exhibited sufficiently similar characteristics for the purpose of carbon footprint comparisons. Calculations were conducted to quantify the energy input of hot and hot-cold procedures, followed by cradle-to-gate life cycle analysis (LCA). Energy calculations demonstrated that the hot-cold manufacturing process saved approximately 82% (for O/W) and 86% (for W/O) of thermal energy in comparison to the hot process. LCA has shown that the effects of using natural instead of standard ingredients were negative, i.e., it led to a higher carbon footprint. However, it was dwarfed by the effect of the energy used, specifically thermal energy during manufacturing. This strongly indicates that the most efficient way for companies to reduce their carbon footprint is to use the hot-cold emulsification process.\",\"PeriodicalId\":10735,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Cosmetics\",\"volume\":\"16 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-09-20\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Cosmetics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10050132\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cosmetics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10050132","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

乳状液制造的能量输入包括热能和机械能,其中热能占主导地位。在原材料选择方面,人们普遍认为天然配方比标准配方(非天然配方)更“环保”。本研究的目的是比较两种主要乳液类型的生产所产生的能源消耗和随后的碳足迹,每种乳液都由其标准和自然变体代表,并通过不同的制造工艺(热,热冷和冷)制造。这分别产生了6种水包油(O/W)和油包水(W/O)乳液类型。按比例缩小计算用于确定实验室均质机所需的均质时间和速度,以达到与所选工业容器相同的剪切速率。用流变学和结构分析对所得乳剂进行了表征。每种乳剂类型中的六种乳剂都表现出足够相似的特征,用于碳足迹比较。计算量化了热、热、冷过程的能量输入,然后进行了从摇篮到闸门的生命周期分析(LCA)。能源计算表明,与热过程相比,热冷制造过程节省了大约82% (O/W)和86% (W/O)的热能。LCA表明,使用天然成分而不是标准成分的影响是负面的,即,它导致更高的碳足迹。然而,与所使用的能源,特别是制造过程中的热能的影响相比,这是微不足道的。这有力地表明,公司减少碳足迹的最有效方法是使用冷热乳化工艺。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Sustainability by Reduced Energy Consumption during Manufacturing: The Case of Cosmetic Emulsions
Energy input in emulsion manufacturing comprises thermal and mechanical energy, with thermal energy being predominant. In terms of raw material selection, there is a widely accepted belief that natural formulations are more “eco-friendly” than their standard (not natural) counterparts. The aim of this study was to compare the energy consumption and subsequent carbon footprint resulting from the production of two main emulsion types, each represented by its standard and natural variant and made by using different manufacturing processes (hot, hot-cold and cold). This resulted in six samples of oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion types, respectively. Scale-down calculations were used to establish the required homogenisation time and speed of the laboratory homogeniser, necessary to achieve the same shear rates as the chosen industrial vessel. The resulting emulsions were characterised using rheological and textural analysis. The six emulsions within each emulsion type have exhibited sufficiently similar characteristics for the purpose of carbon footprint comparisons. Calculations were conducted to quantify the energy input of hot and hot-cold procedures, followed by cradle-to-gate life cycle analysis (LCA). Energy calculations demonstrated that the hot-cold manufacturing process saved approximately 82% (for O/W) and 86% (for W/O) of thermal energy in comparison to the hot process. LCA has shown that the effects of using natural instead of standard ingredients were negative, i.e., it led to a higher carbon footprint. However, it was dwarfed by the effect of the energy used, specifically thermal energy during manufacturing. This strongly indicates that the most efficient way for companies to reduce their carbon footprint is to use the hot-cold emulsification process.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
Cosmetics
Cosmetics Medicine-Surgery
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
12.10%
发文量
108
审稿时长
8 weeks
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信