ANATOMY OF EXCRETORY SYSTEM (RENAL SYSTEM) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF RENAL CALCULUS.”

: Ayurveda, often referred to as the "science of life" and a branch of Atharvaveda, provides comprehensive descriptions of various bodily systems, including their anatomy, functions, and diseases. Among these systems, the Mutravaha Samsthana, responsible for urine production and expulsion, holds great importance. Disorders within this system can lead to various conditions related to the bladder, as described in Ayurvedic texts. These conditions, known as Mutra Roga or Urinary disorders, include Mutraghaat (Obstruction), Mutrakricchra (Urinary tract infection), and Ashmari (Urolithiasis or kidney stones). Renal calculi, in particular, are the most common and persistent ailment within the urinary tract system. This recurring and highly painful disorder rank as the third most prevalent urinary condition, causing significant discomfort.