A Review of Research on the Effects of Hydration Status on Health and Athletic Performance in Athletes

The importance of hydration status as an important influence on athletic performance and health status has received increasing attention from athletes and coaches. This paper provides a detailed review of three aspects of factors affecting hydration status and the effects of hydration imbalance on athletic performance and health. Factors affecting athletes' hydration status were found to be education, exercise intensity, ambient temperature, sports rehydration fluid (dose and composition), training frequency, gender, medication, fasting, and race; hydration imbalance mainly affects athletes' aerobic endurance, although the mechanism is not clear, while the effect on anaerobic strength is debated; the main health effects of hydration imbalance are hyponatremia, cerebral infarction , body metabolism, cognitive function, immune function, cardiovascular health, gastrointestinal health, oral health, and urinary tract health.