欧文和工程师:欧文派传统下的工程与早期社会主义的交融

IF 0.4 Q2 HISTORY
Claudia Roesch
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文考察了英国社会主义早期对工程的态度。它问为什么欧文主义者,以及宪章主义者和傅立叶主义者,被德裔美国乌托邦工程师约翰·阿道弗斯·埃茨勒在热带地区的定居计划所吸引。Etzler设想了一个由机器运作的热带天堂,工人和他们的家人住在一个合作社区里,一年只工作50天。首先,本文概念化了乌托邦工程的概念,然后讨论了罗伯特·欧文对机械的矛盾态度。它表明,欧文赞同机械化作为一种减少童工的工具,但担心它会导致成年熟练工人的失业和痛苦。第三部分考察欧文对埃茨勒殖民计划的认同,认为早期的社会主义者和工程师是相互依存的。埃茨勒为欧文的技术难题提供了解决方案,而欧文的出版物则为他的热带移民协会提供了一种接触更广泛受众的途径。通过证明这种纠缠,我的论文增加了乌托邦、早期社会主义和工程之间关系的文献,并表明机械化与废除私有财产、资产阶级婚姻和宗教一样,是早期社会主义的核心。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Owen and the Engineers: Cross-Fertilization between Engineering and Early Socialism in the Owenite Tradition
This paper investigates the attitudes towards engineering within early socialism in Britain. It asks why Owenites, as well as Chartists and Fourierists, were drawn to German-American utopian engineer John Adolphus Etzler’s settlement plans in the tropics. Etzler envisioned a tropical paradise run by machinery, where workers and their families lived in a cooperative community and worked only 50 days a year. First, the paper conceptualises the notion of utopian engineering, then it discusses the ambivalences in Robert Owen’s attitudes towards machinery. It shows that Owen endorsed mechanization as a tool to reduce child labour but feared that it caused unemployment and misery among adult skilled workers. The third part investigates Owen’s endorsement of Etzler’s colonial scheme, arguing that the early socialist and the engineer were mutually dependent on each other. Etzler provided Owen with a solution to his technological conundrum, while Owenite publications offered him a means to reach broader audiences for his Tropical Emigration Society. By demonstrating this entanglement, my paper adds to the literature of the relationship between utopia, early socialism, and engineering, and shows that mechanization was as central to early socialism as the abolition of private property, bourgeois marriage and religion.
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来源期刊
Global Intellectual History
Global Intellectual History Arts and Humanities-History
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
52
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