A novel design of heating system using phase change material for passenger car cabin in cold starting conditions

In this paper, the use of exhaust waste heat energy stored in a latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) system for cabin heating of a passenger car at cold climate conditions was investigated by experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A liquid circulation system was installed for this purpose, consisting of two heat exchangers, one in the passenger car's rear compartment and the other in which the phase change material (PCM) in the LHTES system was stored. Commercial RT55 paraffin wax was used as PCM, and tap water was used as heat transfer fluid (HTF). Experimental and CFD analysis studies, which started at 283 K cabin interior temperature, were continued for 1500 sec (25 min). Before the experiments, the cabin interior of the passenger car was cooled up to 283 K with the air conditioning system, and the air conditioning system was kept on at a setting where the cabin interior temperature would remain constant at 283 K during the experiments. Thus, real cold climate conditions were provided for the experimental study. As a result, it has been observed that with the new cabin heating system, thermal comfort conditions for people are provided after the first five minutes, and this temperature can be maintained throughout the experiment. So much so that the cabin temperature increased from 283 K to 295 K in five minutes and reached approximately 297 K at the end of the experiment with a slow rate of increase. Furthermore, the difference in RT55 temperatures between the experimental and CFD analysis results is less than 3% during the cabin interior heating period.