灶台里有什么?蒙古东部戈壁沙漠玛加尔狩猎采集者居住区的初步发现

IF 0.7 4区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
Sarah Pleuger, Bastian Breitenfeld, Altanbayar Zoljargal, Albert Russell Nelson, William Honeychurch, Chunag Amartuvshin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

今天,人们居住在蒙古广阔草原上的形象与流动放牧密不可分。事实上,考古学家已经证实,由人类牧民和家畜组成的人类-动物群落在蒙古的草原环境中游荡,并利用半干旱到干旱的地区,如戈壁草原沙漠,已有数千年的历史。然而,在世界的这一地区,很少能瞥见畜牧业出现之前的时光。在新石器时代(约公元前6000-1800年),戈壁远不像现在这样是一片沙漠。稀稀落落的考古遗址证明了曾经成功利用丰富湿地环境的狩猎采集者群体的存在。由于Dornod蒙古调查在Delgerkhaan Uul大地区进行的行人调查,我们在原地发现了新石器时代居住遗址的遗迹。在马加尔遗址的挖掘中发现了一个分层的壁炉和一个嵌在居住层中的石器组合,并伴有一些动物骨碎片。我们的发现与绿洲2阶段(约公元前6000-3000年)相一致,Janz和他的同事根据居住、生存模式和技术将蒙古新石器时代划分为几个阶段。然而,一些典型的绿洲2号标志,如陶器和研磨工具,在2017年和2018年的测试挖掘中发现的小组合中缺失了。马加尔可能属于一个依靠野生动植物资源的狩猎采集者的区域网络。该遗址是该地区首个此类遗址,有可能揭示狩猎采集者的生存和居住决定。与邻近的考古表面分布相一致,并在狩猎-采集居住的超区域网络中进行背景化,它将有助于完善蒙古史前生活方式和转变的当前模型。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
What's in a Hearth? Preliminary Findings from the Margal Hunter-Gatherer Habitation in the Eastern Mongolian Gobi Desert
abstract: Today's image of people inhabiting the vast steppe landscapes of Mongolia is inseparably linked to mobile animal herding. Indeed, archaeologists have confirmed that human-animal communities comprised of human herders and domestic livestock roamed across Mongolia's grassland environment and utilized semi-arid to arid regions such as the Gobi steppe desert for thousands of years. However, it is much rarer to catch a glimpse of the time before the advent of pastoralism in this part of the world. During the Neolithic (ca. 6000–1800 b.c.), the Gobi was much less of a desert than it is today. Sparsely scattered archaeological sites testify to the presence of hunter-gatherer groups that successfully exploited rich wetland environments. As a result of the pedestrian survey carried out by the Dornod Mongol Survey in the greater region of Delgerkhaan Uul, we discovered in situ remains of a Neolithic habitation site. Excavations at the Margal site uncovered a stratified hearth and a lithic assemblage embedded in a habitation layer and accompanied by a few faunal bone fragments. Our finds correspond with the Oasis 2 stage (ca. 6000–3000 b.c.) of the scheme established by Janz and colleagues dividing the Mongolian Neolithic into phases based on habitation, as well as subsistence patterns and technology. However, some typical Oasis 2 markers such as pottery and grinding tools are missing from the small assemblage uncovered from test excavations in 2017 and 2018. Margal likely belonged to a regional network of extended hunter-gatherer occupation relying on wild plant and faunal resources. The site represents the first of its kind in the region and has potential to shed light on hunter-gatherer subsistence and habitation decisions. In concert with adjacent archaeological surface scatters and contextualized in the supraregional network of hunter-gatherer habitation, it will contribute to refining current models of lifeways and transformations in Mongolian prehistory.
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