前王朝与早期埃及的战争与和平

T. Sherkova
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摘要

古埃及第一个国家的形成过程是漫长的。从酋邦到地区,再到全埃及的国王,整个前王朝时期都发生了,从公元前4千年开始,那加达文化在埃及南部发展起来。最大的是Hierakonpolis, Nagada和Abydos的地方领土。在永田第一阶段,已经有了首领统治下的社会精英,在永田第二阶段,在社会产权社会中出现了地区国王制度。在原始王朝时期,在永田III阶段,发生了重大变化。Hierakonpolis, Nagada和Abydos的领袖成为埃及所有土地的收藏家,吸收了尼罗河下游。在很长一段时间里,埃及学一直认为埃及在早期就有两个王国:北部在下埃及,南部在尼罗河谷。巴勒莫石描绘了下埃及的红冠国王。在开罗博物馆的一个碎片中,他们已经戴着双重王冠:南埃及的白色王冠插入下埃及的红色王冠。这是埃及统一为一个王国的证据。但谁是最早的埃及国王呢?现代考古发掘与久已为人所知的文物相结合,使我们能够重新解释这些创造第一个双重状态的黑暗篇章。据信,下埃及在原始王朝时期被上埃及吞并。在这篇文章中,作者假设从前王朝时代晚期开始,北方王国由统一的埃及国王任命的精英领导。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
War and Peace in Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt
The process of formation of the first state in ancient Egypt was very long. From chiefdoms to regional, and then all-Egyptian kings, the entire predynastic period took place, from the 4th millennium B.C., when the Nagada culture developed in Southern Egypt. The largest were local territories in Hierakonpolis, Nagada and Abydos. Already in the Nagada I phase, there were social elites under a leader — in chiefdoms, and in the Nagada II phase, institutions of regional kings arose in social property societies. In protodynastic times, during the Nagada III phase, significant changes occurred. The leaders of Hierakonpolis, Nagada and Abydos became the collectors of all Egyptian lands, assimilating the Lower Nile. For a long time in Egyptology, it was believed that already in early times there were two kingdoms in Egypt: The Northern in Lower Egypt and the Southern in the Nile Valley. The Palermo Stone depicts the red-crowned kings of Lower Egypt. And in a fragment from the Cairo Museum, they are already wearing a double crown: the white crown of Southern Egypt is inserted into the red crown of the Lower. And this is evidence of the unification of Egypt into a single kingdom. But who were these first Egyptian kings? Modern archaeological excavations in combination with long-known artifacts allow us to reinterpret these dark pages of the creation of the first dual state. It is believed that the Lower Egypt was annexed to Upper Egypt in protodynastic times. In this article, the author hypothesizes that from late predynastic times, the Northern Kingdom was headed by elites who were appointed by the king of a united Egypt.
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