Marilena Marconi, Daniel Ushiñahua Ramírez, Agustín Cerna Mendoza, Carlos Daniel Vecco-Giove, Javier Ormeño Luna, Liliia Baikova, Andrea Di Giulio, Emiliano Mancini
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An updated molecular phylogeny of the stingless bees of the genus Trigona (Hymenoptera, Meliponini) of the northern Peruvian forests
Stingless bees (Hymenoptera, Meliponini) are a large and diverse group including 59 extant groups, representing the main pollinators of Amazon forests. Among those, Trigona is one of the largest endemic genera of Neotropical Meliponini. In this work, we updated the molecular phylogeny of Trigona proposed by Rasmussen and Camargo (2008), including data from 59 new specimens collected in 2020 in the forests of northern Peru, through a multigene phylogenetic approach combining sequences from four gene fragments (16S, ArgK, EF-1a, opsin). Our results confirmed the monophyly of Trigona and of all proposed subgenera, except Aphaneura . In addition, most Trigona species-groups resulted monophyletic but the ‘ spinipes ’ and ‘ pallens ’ groups appeared paraphyletic and polyphyletic, respectively. Moreover, the cohesion of the “ fulviventris ” species group was hindered by the inclusion of T. williana (previously included in the “ pallens ” group) within this clade. Finally, we provided further evidence for a subdivision into two (geographically) distinct clades within T. guianae in northern Peruvian Amazon, which highlighted the importance of Neotropical biogeographical barriers in Meliponini divergence and evolution. Finally, to avoid misidentifications of Trigona specimens, the need for a robust taxonomic revision based on a cladistic approach of the whole genus is discussed.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Hymenoptera Research is a peer-reviewed, open-access, rapid online journal launched to accelerate research on all aspects of Hymenoptera, including biology, behavior, ecology, systematics, taxonomy, genetics, and morphology.
All published papers can be freely copied, downloaded, printed and distributed at no charge for the reader. Authors are thus encouraged to post the pdf files of published papers on their homepages or elsewhere to expedite distribution. There is no charge for color.