膝关节是儿童身体的致命弱点

Mihailo Protsaylo, Volodymyr Dzhyvak, Vira Synytska, Ihor Krytskyi, Pavlo Hoshchynskyi, Iryna Chornomydz
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摘要

本研究的目的是提请执业医师注意儿童在密集生长期间发生膝关节疾病的风险,以确保及时发现和治疗。材料与方法。我们分析了近十年来现代科学家对膝关节疾病的研究结果。我们还考虑了在地区儿童医院接受住院治疗的儿童的临床观察。检查方法为x线摄影、计算机断层摄影、磁共振成像和超声。结果和讨论。在生长过程中,儿童的膝关节承受着巨大的负荷,对外部和内部因素都很敏感。膝关节在肢体纵向生长中起主导作用;生长区域生长得如此密集,以至于它们可以被比作“骨核反应堆”的工作。骨骼的骨骼生长不均匀,断断续续。女孩在10-14岁,男孩在13-18岁达到峰值;然后,高度速度减慢,19年后,高度增长几乎停止。在密集生长期间,骨骼对形状形成的内外因素(生长激素、生理负荷、辐射、振动、损伤、低温、代谢紊乱等)非常敏感。因此,这部分对各种内源性和外源性因素最为敏感,表现为各种发育不良变化和疾病。结论。在孩子的密集生长过程中,膝关节最容易受到各种内源性和外源性负面因素的影响,表现为各种疾病。成骨肉瘤、纤维皮质缺损和幼年骨软骨外生骨瘤最常影响膝关节最薄弱的部位——股骨和胫骨的后端(跟腱)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
THE KNEE JOINT IS THE ACHILLES' HEEL OF A CHILD'S BODY
The study objective was to draw practicing physicians’ attention to the risk of knee joint disorders in children during intensive growth to ensure timely detection and treatment. Materials and Methods. We analyzed the results of studies on the diseases of the knee joint carried out by modern scientists over the past ten years. We also took into account the clinical observations of children receiving inpatient treatment at the regional children's hospital. The examination methods were radiography, computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound. Results and Discussion. During growth, a child's knee joint is subjected to enormous loads and is sensitive to external and internal factors. The knee joint plays a dominant role in the limb’s longitudinal growth; the growth zones grow so intensively that they can be compared to the work of a "bone nuclear reactor." The bones of the skeleton grow unevenly and intermittently. The peak height velocity is observed at 10–14 years in girls and at 13–18 years in boys; then, height velocity slows down, and after 19 years, height growth almost stops. During the period of intensive growth, bones are very sensitive to internal and external factors of shape formation (growth hormones, physiological loads, radiation, vibration, injuries, hypothermia, metabolic disorders, etc. Therefore, this part is most sensitive to various endogenous and exogenous factors, which is manifested by various dysplastic changes and diseases. Conclusions. During the intensive growth of the child, the knee joint is most vulnerable to various endogenous and exogenous negative factors, which is manifested by various diseases. Osteogenic sarcoma, fibrous cortical defect, and juvenile osteocartilaginous exostoses most often affect the weakest place of the knee joint – the metaphyses of the femur and tibia (Achilles’ heel).
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