Utility of preoperative brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin I in predicting perioperative major adverse cardiovascular events in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery

Background: Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) are frequently encountered in patients undergoing noncardiac surgeries. This study evaluated the utility of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) to predict MACE in elderly patients (aged ≥60 years) undergoing noncardiac surgeries. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care center in India between November 2016 and August 2018. A total of 136 consecutive patients (aged ≥60 years) presenting for noncardiac surgeries under general/spinal/regional anesthesia in the departments of surgery, orthopedics, or gynecology were included in the study. Patients with chronic kidney disease stages 4 and 5 and those receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis for renal failure were excluded from the study. Peripheral blood samples for BNP and cTnI were obtained within 24 h preoperatively. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of MACE, defined as the composite of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest at 6 days postsurgery. Results: The mean age of patients was 69.41 ± 7.56 years. Females comprised 54.1% of the study population. During the perioperative period and follow-up of 6 days, 12 MACE were recorded. Preoperative cTnI levels alone or both cTnI and BNP together (cTnI levels >0.07 ng/mL and BNP levels >40 pg/mL) increased significantly in the patients who experienced MACE (P < 0.05). The area under receiver operating characteristics curve for cTnI and BNP for predicting perioperative cardiac events was 0.817 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.646–0.988; P < 0.001) and 0.520 (95% CI 0.337–0.704; P = 0.817), respectively. Conclusions: In elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgeries, a preoperative assessment of BNP and cTnI may help in the assessment of MACE.