Evaluating the diagnosis and treatment of neuro-Behçet’s disease with cascade sign appearance in brainstem: a case report

This study aimed to investigate a case of neuro-Behçet’s disease misdiagnosed as acute ischemic stroke or multiple sclerosis (MS). The studied case was a 29-year-old man with subacute onset of hemiparesis, dysarthria, and ataxia who was diagnosed as acute ischemic stroke at first. Due to no significant improvement, the patient was managed as an MS case, but he did not experience any improvements again. We noticed a history of oral and genital aphthous and cascade sign appearance in his brain MRI. Then, Behçet’s disease with secondary parenchymal involvement of brainstem was confirmed. The patient received infliximab, which resulted in clinico-radiological recovery. Practical Implications. Given the prevalence of Behçet’s disease in the Middle East, the possibility of its diagnosis should be considered in patients with atypical history or imaging for ischemic stroke or MS.