Knowledge and Training Needs of Primary Healthcare Physicians Regarding Obesity Management in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review

Background/Objectives: Obesity has surged globally, posing various health risks. Its prevalence and management, especially in primary health care settings in Saudi Arabia, have recently been under the spotlight. This research synthesized various studies, analyzing the knowledge and preparedness of primary health care physicians in addressing and management of obesity in Saudi Arabia. Methods: An exhaustive evaluation of studies spanning different regions of Saudi Arabia, focusing on physicians' capabilities, knowledge, and practices in obesity management. This analysis also took into account the comparative approaches of countries like Canada, the UK, USA, and Hungary. Various factors, such as specialized obesity treatments, patient-centric approaches in pediatric obesity, career stages of physicians, obesity's correlation with noncommunicable diseases, and nutritional competence, were studied. Results: Nine studies were included. From a collective pool of 2430 participants across the discussed studies, challenges in obesity management were consistent. Despite having an understanding of obesity, there was a significant knowledge gap in specialized treatments, with many physicians feeling unprepared to manage the condition. Factors such as geographical diversity, physicians' experiences, external influences on pediatric obesity management, and the correlation between obesity and other health conditions were highlighted. The need for effective nutrition care, despite perceived capability, was a notable finding. Conclusion: Saudi Arabia faces a significant challenge in obesity management in primary health care settings, marked by knowledge gaps and the need for continuous training. The analyzed studies emphasize the importance of tailored interventions, robust training modules, and public health campaigns within Saudi Arabia's unique context to combat the obesity epidemic effectively.