真菌病原菌结核Stagonospora nodorum的毒力因子通过调控寄主植物MicroRNA表达调控小麦激素信号通路

Tatyana Nuzhnaya, Svetlana Veselova, Guzel Burkhanova, Igor Maksimov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:目前,人们正在积极研究microRNAs在植物免疫应答中的作用。因此,我们的目的是研究Stagonospora nodorum (Berk。SnToxA和SnTox3对小麦黑穗病相关mirna表达的影响。并确定植物激素在这一过程中的作用。方法:采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(pcr)技术,对3种不同小麦基因型的面包春小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)中9个保守microrna的表达进行研究。采用植物激素处理(反式玉米素、2-氯乙基膦酸(乙烯的化学前体)和水杨酸)。结果与疾病症状、植物氧化还原状态、SnToxA和SnTox3真菌坏死性效应(NE)基因、SnPf2、SnStuA基因以及SnCon7转录因子(TFs)的表达进行了比较。结果:水杨酸(SA)和细胞分裂素(CK)通过调控真菌NEs和TFs基因的表达,诱导小麦抗葡萄球菌(S. nodorum)的氧化爆发,参与小麦植株对葡萄球菌的防御反应。此外,乙烯通过增加真菌NE和TF基因的表达来增强病原体的毒力,从而导致所有三个品种活性氧的产生减少。这9种mirna在小麦对野孢杆菌的抗性发展中发挥了作用。NE SnTox3主要抑制miR159、miR393、miR408三种mirna的表达,NE SnToxA主要抑制miR166的表达。相反,CK和SA处理增加了miR159和miR408的表达;CK处理增加了miR393和miR166的表达。乙烯抑制miR159、miR408、miR393和miR166的表达。NE SnTox3对miP159表达的抑制很可能与乙烯信号通路的激活有关。SnToxA和SnTox3抑制miR408的表达,其作用可能是通过SA和CK调控抑制过氧化氢酶活性。此外,NE SnToxA劫持SA信号通路并操纵其生长发育。真菌TFs SnPf2和SnStuA可能通过调控NE基因的表达间接参与这些过程的调控。结论:本研究结果首次揭示了microrna在小麦对野孢霉抗性发育中的作用,以及野孢霉SnToxA和SnTox3对植物microrna活性的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Virulence Factors of the Fungal Pathogen Stagonospora nodorum Manipulate Hormonal Signaling Pathways in Triticum aestivum L. by Regulating Host Plant MicroRNA Expressions
Background: Currently, the role of microRNAs in plant immune responses is being actively studied. Thus, our aim was to research the effect of Stagonospora nodorum (Berk.) NEs SnToxA and SnTox3 on the expression of miRNAs involved in the wheat–S. nodorum interaction and to determine the role of phytohormones in this process. Methods: The expressions of nine conserved microRNAs were studied by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in three different wheat genotypes of bread spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) infected with S. nodorum. Phytohormone treatments (trans-zeatin, 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (etefone is the chemical precursor of ethylene), and salicylic acid) were applied. The results were compared with disease symptoms, the redox status of plants, and the expression of fungal necrotrophic effector (NE) genes of SnToxA and SnTox3 and genes of SnPf2, SnStuA, alongside SnCon7 transcription factors (TFs). Results: Salicylic acid (SA) and cytokinins (CK) are involved in the development of defense reactions in wheat plants against S. nodorum, by regulating the expression of fungal NEs and TFs genes, inducing an oxidative burst in all three wheat genotypes. Moreover, ethylene enhanced the virulence of the pathogen by increasing the expression of fungal NE and TF genes, thereby resulting in a decrease in the generation of reactive oxygen species in all three cultivars. The nine miRNAs played a role in the development of wheat resistance against S. nodorum. NE SnTox3 mainly suppressed the expression of three miRNAs: miR159, miR393, and miR408, while NE SnToxA suppressed miR166 expression. Conversely, treatment with CK and SA increased the expression of miR159 and miR408; treatment with CK increased the expression of miR393 and miR166. Ethylene inhibited the expression of miR159, miR408, miR393, and miR166. Suppression of miP159 expression by NE SnTox3 was most likely associated with the activation of the ethylene signaling pathway. NEs SnToxA and SnTox3 suppressed the expression of miR408, whose role most likely consisted of inhibiting the catalase activity, via SA and CK regulation. In addition, NE SnToxA hijacked the SA signaling pathway and manipulated it for fungal growth and development. Fungal TFs SnPf2 and SnStuA could be involved in the regulation of these processes indirectly through the regulation of the expression of NE genes. Conclusions: The results of this work show, for the first time, the role of microRNAs in the development of wheat resistance against S. nodorum and the effect of S. nodorum NEs SnToxA and SnTox3 on the activity of plant microRNAs.
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