Saba Javed, Nazish Rubab, Sadia Zaheer, Stefaan Poedts, Ghulam Jaffer
{"title":"两个温度非扩展电子在GEO高度带电阈值的数值计算","authors":"Saba Javed, Nazish Rubab, Sadia Zaheer, Stefaan Poedts, Ghulam Jaffer","doi":"10.1029/2022sw003412","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Surface charging at geosynchronous altitude is one of the major concerns for satellites and spacecrafts. Spacecraft anomalies are often associated with extreme surface charging events, especially during substorms in which the GEO plasma is better modeled as two temperatures non‐Maxwellian plasma. In such case, we employ two temperature q‐non‐extensive distribution function to determine the onset of spacecraft surface charging which becomes complex since many parameters control the surface charging. We developed a current balance equation which better explains the charging threshold in comparison to a Maxwellian distribution function. The effect of non‐extensive parameters, temperature and density ratio on the current balance equation has been explained. The modified current balance equation predicts the critical and anti‐critical temperatures for various space‐grade materials both analytically and numerically. A significant change is observed in the quantities characterizing the charging current, average yield and density ratio in the presence of non‐extensive two temperature electrons. The mechanism underlying different charging behaviors at or near the threshold is also indicated at various plasma parametric domains. Furthermore, the general conditions of potential jump are also obtained theoretically which predicts the sudden or smooth potential transition.","PeriodicalId":49487,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather-The International Journal of Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Numerical Calculations of Charging Threshold at GEO Altitudes With Two Temperature Non‐Extensive Electrons\",\"authors\":\"Saba Javed, Nazish Rubab, Sadia Zaheer, Stefaan Poedts, Ghulam Jaffer\",\"doi\":\"10.1029/2022sw003412\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Abstract Surface charging at geosynchronous altitude is one of the major concerns for satellites and spacecrafts. Spacecraft anomalies are often associated with extreme surface charging events, especially during substorms in which the GEO plasma is better modeled as two temperatures non‐Maxwellian plasma. In such case, we employ two temperature q‐non‐extensive distribution function to determine the onset of spacecraft surface charging which becomes complex since many parameters control the surface charging. We developed a current balance equation which better explains the charging threshold in comparison to a Maxwellian distribution function. The effect of non‐extensive parameters, temperature and density ratio on the current balance equation has been explained. The modified current balance equation predicts the critical and anti‐critical temperatures for various space‐grade materials both analytically and numerically. A significant change is observed in the quantities characterizing the charging current, average yield and density ratio in the presence of non‐extensive two temperature electrons. The mechanism underlying different charging behaviors at or near the threshold is also indicated at various plasma parametric domains. Furthermore, the general conditions of potential jump are also obtained theoretically which predicts the sudden or smooth potential transition.\",\"PeriodicalId\":49487,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Space Weather-The International Journal of Research and Applications\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Space Weather-The International Journal of Research and Applications\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022sw003412\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Space Weather-The International Journal of Research and Applications","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022sw003412","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerical Calculations of Charging Threshold at GEO Altitudes With Two Temperature Non‐Extensive Electrons
Abstract Surface charging at geosynchronous altitude is one of the major concerns for satellites and spacecrafts. Spacecraft anomalies are often associated with extreme surface charging events, especially during substorms in which the GEO plasma is better modeled as two temperatures non‐Maxwellian plasma. In such case, we employ two temperature q‐non‐extensive distribution function to determine the onset of spacecraft surface charging which becomes complex since many parameters control the surface charging. We developed a current balance equation which better explains the charging threshold in comparison to a Maxwellian distribution function. The effect of non‐extensive parameters, temperature and density ratio on the current balance equation has been explained. The modified current balance equation predicts the critical and anti‐critical temperatures for various space‐grade materials both analytically and numerically. A significant change is observed in the quantities characterizing the charging current, average yield and density ratio in the presence of non‐extensive two temperature electrons. The mechanism underlying different charging behaviors at or near the threshold is also indicated at various plasma parametric domains. Furthermore, the general conditions of potential jump are also obtained theoretically which predicts the sudden or smooth potential transition.
期刊介绍:
Space Weather: The International Journal of Research and Applications (SWE) is devoted to understanding and forecasting space weather. The scope of understanding and forecasting includes: origins, propagation and interactions of solar-produced processes within geospace; interactions in Earth’s space-atmosphere interface region produced by disturbances from above and below; influences of cosmic rays on humans, hardware, and signals; and comparisons of these types of interactions and influences with the atmospheres of neighboring planets and Earth’s moon. Manuscripts should emphasize impacts on technical systems including telecommunications, transportation, electric power, satellite navigation, avionics/spacecraft design and operations, human spaceflight, and other systems. Manuscripts that describe models or space environment climatology should clearly state how the results can be applied.