Layaly Al-Mawla, Faisal Al-Akayleh, Saifeddin Daadoue, Waseem Mahyoob, Badralbdoor Al-Tameemi, Mayyas Al-Remawi, Samer Adwan, Ahmed S. A. Ali Agha
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Techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheology measurement, and contact angle tests were employed to characterize and investigate the drug solubilization process. Ex vivo permeation studies using Franz diffusion cells and human skin were conducted to assess drug release kinetics.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The developed THEDES demonstrated unique molecular interactions and interfacial properties, with glass transition temperatures below − 50 °C and a broad spectrum of endothermic melting points, indicating excellent phase stability. The solubility of DDEA in THEDES was approximately 101 mg/ml, which is a tenfold and threefold increase compared to solvents like dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol, respectively. Enhanced drug release kinetics were observed when compared with Voltaren® Emulgel, a commercial formulation. Histopathological evaluations indicated no signs of skin erythema, inflammation, or erosion, confirming the biocompatibility of the formulation.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>THEDES emerges as a potent, green, biocompatible solvent system for efficiently delivering DDEA. It exhibits superior solubilization capacities and favorable release kinetics, coupled with high biocompatibility, offering significant advantages over traditional solvent systems for drug delivery applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation","volume":"18 4","pages":"2196 - 2209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Development, Characterization, and Ex Vivo Permeation Assessment of Diclofenac Diethylamine Deep Eutectic Systems Across Human Skin\",\"authors\":\"Layaly Al-Mawla, Faisal Al-Akayleh, Saifeddin Daadoue, Waseem Mahyoob, Badralbdoor Al-Tameemi, Mayyas Al-Remawi, Samer Adwan, Ahmed S. A. Ali Agha\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s12247-023-09784-9\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The primary aim of this study is to introduce Therapeutic Deep Eutectic Systems (THEDES) as a novel, green, and biocompatible solvent system for the delivery of diclofenac diethylamine (DDEA), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The research question focuses on whether THEDES could significantly enhance the solubility and release kinetics of DDEA compared to conventional solvents.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The THEDES formulation comprises capric acid, menthol, and Gelucire® 33/01 in varying ratios. Techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheology measurement, and contact angle tests were employed to characterize and investigate the drug solubilization process. Ex vivo permeation studies using Franz diffusion cells and human skin were conducted to assess drug release kinetics.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The developed THEDES demonstrated unique molecular interactions and interfacial properties, with glass transition temperatures below − 50 °C and a broad spectrum of endothermic melting points, indicating excellent phase stability. The solubility of DDEA in THEDES was approximately 101 mg/ml, which is a tenfold and threefold increase compared to solvents like dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol, respectively. Enhanced drug release kinetics were observed when compared with Voltaren® Emulgel, a commercial formulation. Histopathological evaluations indicated no signs of skin erythema, inflammation, or erosion, confirming the biocompatibility of the formulation.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>THEDES emerges as a potent, green, biocompatible solvent system for efficiently delivering DDEA. 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Development, Characterization, and Ex Vivo Permeation Assessment of Diclofenac Diethylamine Deep Eutectic Systems Across Human Skin
Purpose
The primary aim of this study is to introduce Therapeutic Deep Eutectic Systems (THEDES) as a novel, green, and biocompatible solvent system for the delivery of diclofenac diethylamine (DDEA), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The research question focuses on whether THEDES could significantly enhance the solubility and release kinetics of DDEA compared to conventional solvents.
Methods
The THEDES formulation comprises capric acid, menthol, and Gelucire® 33/01 in varying ratios. Techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheology measurement, and contact angle tests were employed to characterize and investigate the drug solubilization process. Ex vivo permeation studies using Franz diffusion cells and human skin were conducted to assess drug release kinetics.
Results
The developed THEDES demonstrated unique molecular interactions and interfacial properties, with glass transition temperatures below − 50 °C and a broad spectrum of endothermic melting points, indicating excellent phase stability. The solubility of DDEA in THEDES was approximately 101 mg/ml, which is a tenfold and threefold increase compared to solvents like dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol, respectively. Enhanced drug release kinetics were observed when compared with Voltaren® Emulgel, a commercial formulation. Histopathological evaluations indicated no signs of skin erythema, inflammation, or erosion, confirming the biocompatibility of the formulation.
Conclusion
THEDES emerges as a potent, green, biocompatible solvent system for efficiently delivering DDEA. It exhibits superior solubilization capacities and favorable release kinetics, coupled with high biocompatibility, offering significant advantages over traditional solvent systems for drug delivery applications.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation (JPI), is an international, multidisciplinary peer-reviewed scientific journal dedicated to publishing high quality papers emphasizing innovative research and applied technologies within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. JPI''s goal is to be the premier communication vehicle for the critical body of knowledge that is needed for scientific evolution and technical innovation, from R&D to market. Topics will fall under the following categories:
Materials science,
Product design,
Process design, optimization, automation and control,
Facilities; Information management,
Regulatory policy and strategy,
Supply chain developments ,
Education and professional development,
Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation publishes four issues a year.
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