排水土壤的农化处理

Yu. I. Mitrofanov, M. V. Gulyaev, Yu. D. Smirnova, A. E. Kazmin
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摘要

本文阐述了容积开槽的效率、基本处理方法及其对大田作物生长性能和排水土壤农业物理特性的综合影响。实验是在全俄开垦土地研究所(VNIIMZ)位于特维尔地区开垦设施的古比诺实验农业多边形进行的。试验土壤为钠灰化土,浅壤土,形成于薄二项式上,采用封闭陶土排水法排水。进行容积开槽,深度为45-50 cm,可耕种部分(30-50 cm)填入碎秸秆,植物残茬与腐殖质层混合。开槽是用特殊设计的工具进行的。槽宽- 16厘米,开槽间距- 140厘米。确定了垄耕和土壤体积开槽的效率及其共同作用。垄作期间燕麦产量在5年内平均增加0.36吨/公顷(12.0%),在开槽情况下增加0.60吨/公顷(20.0%),在联合行动情况下增加0.82吨/公顷,或27.0%。5年平均增产中开槽占73.2%,垄耕占26.8%。在6年的试验中,观察了插槽对大田作物产量的积极影响。在5年的时间里,燕麦的体积土壤开槽的总产量增加了3.0吨/每公顷,与垄耕相结合的总产量增加了4.1吨/每公顷,提高了36.7%。开槽和垄作对燕麦产量的提高是由于有效茎数和穗粒质量的增加。开槽时,这些指标分别增加了8.4%和11.3%,垄耕时分别增加了6.1%和12.0%。研究结果可用于开发农业复垦耕作制度和春粮作物适应性农业技术。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Agromeliorative treatment of drained soils
The paper shows efficiency of volumetric slotting, methods of basic treatment and their combined effect on the performance of field crops and agrophysical properties of drained soils. The experiments were carried out at the Gubino experimental agro-polygon of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (VNIIMZ), located at the reclamation facility in the Tver region. The soils under experiment are cultivated soddy-podzolic, light loamy gleyic, formed on a thin binomial, drained by closed pottery drainage method. Volumetric slotting was carried out to a depth of 45–50 cm with filling the subarable part (30–50 cm) with crushed straw, plant residues mixed with a humus layer. The slotting was carried out with a specially designed tool. Slot width – 16 cm, slotting pitch – 140 cm. Efficiency of ridge plowing, volumetric slotting of the soil and their joint action has been determined. The yield of oats during ridge plowing increased by an average of 0.36 t/ha (12.0 %) over 5 years, in case of slotting – by 0.60 (20.0 %), in case of combined action – by 0.82 t/ha, or 27.0 %. The share of slotting in the total increase in yield on average over 5 years was 73.2 %, ridge plowing – 26.8 %. The positive effect of slotting on the yield of field crops during the experiment was observed for 6 years. The total increase in yield from volumetric soil slotting on oats for 5 years was 3.0 tons of grain per 1 ha, with combined action with ridge plowing – 4.1 tons of grain per 1 ha, or 36.7 % higher. The increase in the yield of oats, both with soil slotting and with ridge plowing, occurred due to an increase in the number of productive stems and the mass of grain in the panicle. With slotting, these indicators increased by 8.4 and 11.3 %, with ridge plowing – by 6.1 and 12.0 %. The results of the research can be used in the development of agro-reclamation tillage systems and in adaptive agricultural technologies for the cultivation of spring grain crops.
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