目的驱动型湿地的区域目标:成功还是失败?

Pia Geranmayeh, Amanda Speks, Malgorzata Blicharska, Martyn Futter, Dennis Collentine
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摘要

在过去的30年里,瑞典欧盟农村发展计划(RDP)为人工湿地(CWs)提供的资金有两个目标:减少养分和保护生物多样性。自2007年以来,至少实施了1718项化武。然而,由于缺乏明确的改进目标,它们的成本效益难以评估。2013年,瑞典为新的化学武器设立了区域(县)目标,以减轻富营养化和保护生物多样性,这是RDP下一个6年计划的一部分。在这里,我们调查目标的增加是否有效,特别是15个参与国是否实现了其既定目标。我们还比较了区域目标时期(2014-2020年)与之前非目标时期(2007-2013年)的连续波特征。结果表明,区域目标没有实现。大多数国家设定的生物多样性保护目标低于减少营养的目标。因此,到2020年,超过前者目标的国家要多于后者。分配给这两个目标的预算份额不是决定性的,相反,结果可归因于优先次序、预算控制、时间一致性、决策标准一致性和目标设定。在这两个期间,各有一半的湿地工程获资助,但在第二个期间,湿地的建设数量减少了82%。土地所有者可能优先考虑生物多样性CWs,因为营养保持CWs的建设成本较高,而且成本大多没有完全由RDP支付。此外,指标没有预算限制,这意味着县级资金分配可以转移到资助不符合预期目的的卫生保健。为了提高整体措施的有效性,我们建议将国家用于农村妇女的资金分配在地区一级确定的两个目的之间进行分配,并且只允许根据县级的重新定义重新分配资金。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Regional targeting of purpose driven wetlands: success or failure?
In the past 30 years, Swedish EU Rural Development Programme (RDP) financing for constructed wetlands (CWs) had two goals: nutrient reduction and biodiversity conservation. Since 2007, at least 1,718 CWs have been implemented. However, their cost effectiveness has been difficult to assess as defined targets for improvements were lacking. In 2013, Sweden set up regional (county) targets for new CWs to mitigate eutrophication and conserve biodiversity as part of a 6-year plan under the RDP. Here, we investigate if the increase in targeting was effective, in particular if the 15 participating counties achieved their stated goals. We also compare CW characteristics during the regionally targeted period (2014–2020) with the preceding untargeted period (2007–2013). The results indicate that regional targets were not achieved. Most counties set lower targets for biodiversity conservation than for nutrient reduction. Hence, by 2020 more counties exceeded targets for the former than for the latter. Budget share allocated to the two goals was not decisive, instead the outcome could be attributed to prioritization, budget controls, timing consistency, decision criteria consistency and goal setting. During both periods half of the CWs were funded for each purpose, yet the number of wetlands constructed decreased by 82% in the second period. Landowners may have prioritized biodiversity CWs as construction costs were higher for nutrient retention CWs and costs were mostly not fully covered by the RDP. Furthermore, targets were not budget limited, which meant that county-level allocation of funds could be shifted to finance CWs that did not meet the intended purpose. To increase overall measure effectiveness, we suggest that the distribution of national funds for CWs should be divided between the two purposes identified at the regional level and that reallocation of funds only be permitted in accordance with redefinition at the county level.
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