辅助性T - 17细胞调节缺失:2019冠状病毒病危重病例的决定性因素

Miguel Angel Pardiño-Vega, Norma Estela Herrera-González
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摘要

研究2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的最大挑战之一是确定疾病严重程度的决定因素。通过广泛的研究工作,已经确定了COVID-19疾病控制或恶化的一个关键因素-免疫反应的调节。在COVID-19重症病例中观察到的免疫反应改变的背景下,白细胞介素-1 (IL-1)、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)的异常释放已被广泛研究。然而,最近的注意力转向了IL-17的过度释放和辅助性T -17 (Th17)细胞的增加,Th17是该细胞因子的主要分泌细胞。这些因素引起了人们的兴趣,因为它们可能参与了在COVID-19严重病例中观察到的细胞因子风暴。本文将深入探讨IL-6参与Th17细胞分化并导致Th17细胞数量增加的复杂机制。此外,我们将探讨这些淋巴细胞的增加与IL-17等趋化因子的释放之间的比例关系,这些趋化因子在促进中性粒细胞的趋化和活化中起着关键作用。最终,这一连串的事件在中性粒细胞造成的组织损伤中达到高潮。此外,针对这些淋巴细胞和细胞因子的治疗选择进行了探索,为潜在的干预途径提供了见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Loss of regulation of T helper 17 cells: a definitive factor for critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019
One of the greatest challenges in the study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been to establish the determining factors in the severity of the disease. Through extensive research efforts, a crucial factor responsible for disease control or exacerbation in COVID-19 has been identified—the regulation of the immune response. The abnormal release of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) has been extensively studied in the context of the altered immune response observed in severe cases of COVID-19. However, recent attention has turned towards the excessive release of IL-17 and the increased presence of T helper 17 (Th17) cells, the main secretory cells of this cytokine. These factors have garnered interest due to their potential involvement in the cytokine storm observed in severe cases of COVID-19. In this review, it will be delved into the intricate mechanisms by which IL-6 contributes to the differentiation of Th17 cells, resulting in an increase in the population of Th17 cells. Moreover, it will be explored the proportional relationship between the increase of these lymphocytes and the release of IL-17 and other chemokines, which all together play a key role in promoting the chemotaxis and activation of neutrophils. Ultimately, this cascade of events culminates in the generation of tissue damage by neutrophils. Additionally, therapeutic options targeting these lymphocytes and cytokines are explored, providing insights into potential avenues for intervention.
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