Theory of Endorsements: Legislative and Jurisprudential Development in Romania and in the European Union

Considered as being the main component element of the advisory procedure, an endorsement is an opinion that an administrative body requests from certain authorities and administrative structures, according to the subject matter of the regulation, to adopt/issue an administrative deed. In this article, using logical interpretation as well as comparative analysis, we set out to highlight the significance of endorsements in Romania, outline their legal nature, and establish the relationships between the types of endorsements, so that the conclusions may represent a starting point for a future theory of this type of documents. We considered the French specialty literature to give a comparative law note to our approach. At the same time, we considered certain types of endorsements in some European states, based on the analysis of a Codex regarding a series of Constitutions of some European states in order to emphasize the importance they give to these endorsements. We gave an overview of the theory of endorsements through the lens of the existing legislation over time in Romania or rather, its lack thereof. In our study, we also referred to the draft ReNEUAL Code of Administrative Procedure of the European Union, which aims at “transposing the European values into the regulation of administrative procedure related to the non-legislative implementation of European Union law and policy”. We set out on this analysis, considering the lack of legal regulation of endorsements, their legal nature, and their effects, with reference not only to doctrine but also to some cases that we considered for analysis from court practice. In the framework of the new effort to develop the Code (still in the draft form) in Romania, it seems that endorsements will receive their well-deserved place, distinct from simple administrative operations. Our main approach concerns Romanian legislation, doctrine, and jurisprudence, but it also includes a brief analysis of the jurisdiction of the Court of the European Union, with reference to the endorsements issued at the level of the institutions of the European Union. As a general conclusion, we believe that endorsements should be separately regulated, by clearly distinguishing between administrative documents and administrative operations, in the future Code of Administrative Procedure.