失控AI的危险

IF 4.3 1区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE
Tom Davidson
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引用次数: 1

摘要

摘要:我们必须减少当前人工智能系统的危害,同时展望可能很快发生的危害。专家担心,失控的人工智能可能在未来5到20年内造成极端危害。风险在于,我们开发的超人类人工智能系统在说服、战略、黑客攻击和研发等领域超越了人类;我们设计这些系统来自主地追求目标;我们不小心给了他们意想不到的目标;人类失去了对这些超人类系统的控制。如果没有监管,少数精英人工智能开发者的行为可能会给社会其他人带来巨大风险。风险并不特定于任何特定的部署环境,而是技术本身固有的风险。所以,除了规范特定的人工智能产品,我们还应该规范前沿人工智能系统的发展。我们应该制定安全标准,并授权监管机构执行这些标准。这些规定只适用于少数前沿人工智能开发者。人工智能失控的风险可能会突然出现,特别是如果先进的人工智能本身加速了人工智能的发展步伐。如果我们坐等问题出现再作出反应,这些规定的生效可能就太晚了。因此,我们应该主动监管,要求政府对前沿人工智能开发者颁发许可证。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Danger of Runaway AI
Abstract: We must reduce harms from current AI systems while also looking ahead to harms that may occur soon. Experts worry that runaway AI could cause extreme harm in the next five to twenty years. The risk is that we develop superhuman AI systems that surpass humans in domains like persuasion, strategy, hacking, and research and development; that we design these systems to pursue goals autonomously; that we accidentally give them unintended goals; and that humans lose control of these superhuman systems. Without regulation, the actions of a small number of elite AI developers could pose massive risks to the rest of society. The risk is not specific to any particular deployment context, but is inherent to the technology itself. So, in addition to regulating specific AI products, we should also regulate the development of frontier AI systems. We should develop safety standards and empower a regulatory authority to enforce them. These regulations would apply only to a small number of frontier AI developers. The risk from runaway AI could emerge very suddenly, especially if advanced AI itself has accelerated the pace of AI progress. If we wait to see the problem before responding, the regulations may come into force too late. So we should regulate proactively, requiring a government license for frontier AI developers.
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来源期刊
Journal of Democracy
Journal of Democracy POLITICAL SCIENCE-
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
6.50%
发文量
60
期刊介绍: Since its inception in 1990, the Journal of Democracy has become an influential international forum for scholarly analysis and competing democratic viewpoints. Its articles have been cited in The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal and widely reprinted in many languages. Focusing exclusively on democracy, the Journal monitors and analyzes democratic regimes and movements in scores of countries around the world. Each issue features a unique blend of scholarly analysis, reports from democratic activists, updates on news and elections, and reviews of important recent books.
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