Quaternary sediment datasets for spatial distribution and accumulation on the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin based on remote sensing and field on-site measurements

Quaternary unconsolidated sediments are pronouncedly widespread features on the planetary surface, documenting significant geological signals of earth surface processes, climate change and biogeochemical cycles. The extensive unconsolidated deposits play a vital role in natural hazards and Anthropogenic activities, especially in alpine regions where massive unconsolidated materials are produced. However, the spatial distribution and total volume of unconsolidated sediments across the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin (YTRB) remain largely unknown due to the limitation of traditional field surveys and on-site measurements as well as the complex landscape in the remote area. This study presents the datasets for the systematic distribution and spatial accumulation of unconsolidated sediments across the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin, southern Tibet. Combining remotely sensed data with numerous field investigations, an integrated method based on image processing and kriging interpolation-pixel integration was performed to semi-automatically classify and quantify the unconsolidated sediments. Eleven categories of sediments were mapped and their total accumulation is estimated at approximately 4.97 × 10¹¹ t. Ultimately, 17 groups of classification and thickness maps were derived, revealing the distribution and volume of unconsolidated and Quaternary sediments. The datasets fill the gaps in comprehensive investigations of unconsolidated sediments for YTRB, and provide a fundamental database to support the scientific understanding of potential linkages between the distribution of unconsolidated sediments with environmental changes and human activities.