Uncovering the Unusual: A Case Report of Poland Syndrome

Poland syndrome (PS) is a rare congenital anomaly identified by the unilateral underdevelopment or absence of both the pectoralis major and minor muscles. We present a case of a 17-year-old male with right-sided chest flattening and shortness of breath for 3 years. Physical examination revealed reduced breath sounds on the affected side and chest X-ray showed right-sided hyperlucency. A noncontrast computed tomography (CT) thorax revealed absent pectoralis major and minor muscles on the right side, with visualized ribs appearing unremarkable, leading to a diagnosis of PS. Accurate diagnosis of PS requires imaging modalities such as chest X-rays, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Treatment options for PS include reconstructive surgical procedures. PS affects chest development, leading to respiratory issues affecting an individual’s quality of life.