Assessing the Cross-Border Impacts of Climate Change Response Measures on Iran: A Qualitative System Analysis

To achieve Goal 13, which addresses climate change and promotes sustainable development, mitigation policies, and measures have been implemented globally and nationally. However, such practices can lead to unintended side effects, which vary between countries based on their economic structures and governance status and may jeopardise the achievement of other goals. It is vital to alleviate these effects, especially in vulnerable countries. To do so, a comprehensive assessment of the potential impacts of policies must be conducted, and appropriate interventions must be implemented to mitigate the negative effects that have already begun in oil-exporting developing countries. This study aims to assess the cross-border consequences of response measures on Iran’s economic, social, and environmental status using a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD). The findings indicate that these policies directly affect the government’s revenues and expenditures, which in turn affect economic activities and indirectly affect socioeconomic variables.