Optimization of Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Polar and Non-polar Ginsenosides from Red Ginseng Using the Response Surface Methodology

The objective of this study was to employ the response surface methodology (RSM) to model and enhance the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technique for the extraction of polar ginsenosides, non-polar ginsenosides, and total ginsenosides from red ginseng. To achieve this, a novel ASE-based method was developed and combined with RSM modeling and optimization. The RSM approach, utilizing a five-level, three-factor central composite design, was employed to determine the optimal combination of extraction parameters. In summary, the optimal extraction conditions for polar ginsenosides, non-polar ginsenosides, and total ginsenosides were as follows: an extraction solvent consisting of 88.64% ethanol, extraction temperatures of 82.30℃, 190.96℃, and 64.19℃, respectively, extraction times of 19.74, 28.77, and 28.77 min, respectively, and one extraction cycle. Under these optimized conditions, the experimental extraction yields for polar ginsenosides, non-polar ginsenosides, and total ginsenosides closely matched the predicted yields of 134.91, 68.86, and 149.35 mg/g, respectively, which were in excellent agreement with the model’s predictions. Therefore, to conclude, the present study provided a new and efficient method for the extraction of ginsenosides from red ginseng.