关于日俄战争(1904-1905)期间在俄日军战俘的住宿选择

IF 0.1 Q4 AREA STUDIES
S. G. Serebryakova, E. M. Osmanov
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摘要

这篇文章是关于日俄战争期间的战俘问题。这个问题很少出现在现代研究人员的关注中:他们通常写战争的政治、军事和经济方面。文章描述了1904-1905年被俘日军官兵选择住宿地点的过程。到战争开始时,俄罗斯承担了一些义务,因为在1899年海牙会议期间,它签署了《陆战法律和惯例公约》,规定了基于人道主义理想对待战俘的方式。写作过程中使用的资料来源代表了最新的研究资料和档案文件。这些文件保存在莫斯科的俄罗斯国家军事历史档案馆(RGVIA)。在决定日本人的住宿地点时,军事部门面临着一个严重的问题,因为它必须考虑到不同的因素:是否有可能确保对战俘的保护,是否有合适的建筑作为他们的住所,日本士兵和军官是否有机会进行破坏。这一时期的官方文件生动地讨论了最新的问题:人们担心日本人会像在满洲那样摧毁铁路。把日本战俘安置在远东的想法几乎立即被拒绝了,因为那里离作战战区很近。西伯利亚也不合适,因为一条铁路经过这里——这是战争期间最重要的交通要道,所以决定把日本人安置在俄罗斯的欧洲部分。奔萨市被选为集结地,战俘从这里被分配到喀山、莫斯科、基辅和圣彼得堡军区。然而,在1904年秋天,尼古拉二世皇帝颁布了一项法令,禁止日本人驻扎在俄罗斯军队通道附近。在那之后,决定把所有的日本战俘安置在一个地方:诺夫哥罗德省的梅德维德村。那里的兵营非常适合关押少数日本战俘,他们一直待到战争结束。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
About choosing places of stay for the Japanese prisoners of war in Russia during the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905)
The article concerns the problem of prisoners of war during the Russo-Japanese war. The problem appears in the focus of modern researchers quite rarely: they usually write about political, military, and economic aspects of the war. The article describes the process of choosing the places of stay for the captured Japanese soldiers and officers in 1904–1905. By the beginning of the war, Russia assumed a number of obligations, since, during the Conference in Hague in 1899, it signed the Convention with respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land, prescribing the treatment of prisoners based on humanistic ideals. The sources used during writing the work represent the latest research materials and the archival documents. These documents are stored in the Russian State Military Historical Archive (RGVIA) in Moscow. While determining the places for the Japanese stay, the Military department faced a severe problem, since it was necessary to take into account different factors: whether it would be possible to ensure guarding the prisoners of war, whether there was a suitable building for their accommodation, whether the Japanese soldiers and officers would have opportunities to commit sabotage. The latest issue was vividly discussed in the official documents of the period: there were concerns that the Japanese would destroy railways, as they did in Manchuria. The idea that the place for the Japanese prisoners should be in the Far East was rejected almost immediately due to its proximity to the theater of operations. Siberia also did not fit, since a railway passed through it – the most important transport artery during the war, so it was decided to place the Japanese in European Russia. The city of Penza was chosen as a collection point, from where prisoners of war were distributed to the cities of the Kazan, Moscow, Kiev, and Saint Petersburg military districts. However, in the autumn of 1904, Emperor Nicholas II issued a decree that the Japanese should not be stationed near the passage of the Russian troops. After that it was decided to accommodate all Japanese prisoners of war in one place: in the village of Medved, Novgorod province. The barracks located there were perfect for housing a small number of Japanese prisoners, where they stayed until the end of the war.
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