Immune-Cell-Mediated Cancer Treatment: Advantages, Drawbacks And Future Direction

Cancer ranks as the most lethal and prevalent non-communicable disease in clinical settings. Therapeutic options for cancer comprise chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and combined treatment. Cancer remission and relapse cases are widespread despite having various advanced medications and sophisticated dissection techniques. A new approach involving immune-cell-mediated cancer therapy has been adopted extensively for cancer treatments by utilizing immune cells. Immunotherapy has gained much attention to prevent and treat various types of cancer. Immunotherapy treatments operate in multiple contexts. Several immunotherapy therapeutic interventions assist the immune function in halting or reducing the advancement of cancer cells. Many also facilitate the immune cells in destroying cancerous cells or safeguarding against cancer from disseminating to certain other regions of the human body. Among other methods, genetic manipulation of immune cells offers hope for innovative anticancer treatment. T lymphocytes and natural killer cells have become the most extensively documented immune cells for immunotherapy. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy exhibits the most promising blood cancer treatment. However, adoptive NK cell transfer therapy displays potential anticancer treatment options, although more research is needed to be carried out. In addition, cytokine-induced immunomodulation is also plausible for cancer immunotherapy. This review will highlight the most comprehensive information, observations, and consequences associated with different cancer immunotherapy initiatives.