Evolución y complicaciones posquirúrgicas tempranas y tardías de la prostatectomía radical: abierta versus laparoscópica

Objective: To compare the evolution and early and late postoperative complications of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, identifying its benefits and analyzing the advantages of one technique over the other. Design: Exploratory, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective and comparative. 100 patients submitted to radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer in the period from March 01, 2019 to September 30, 2022. Descriptive analyses of frequencies and cross-tabulations were performed. Mean, variance and standard deviation were calculated. Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis was performed to test the normality of the data. Results: The significance level established (p=<0.05), determined a non-normal distribution for the sample data. The mean, variance and standard deviation for hospitalization time (X̅=1.62, S.D.=.749, σ²=.561), postsurgical bleeding (X̅=1.92, S.D.=.273, σ²=.074) and transfusion (X̅=1.91, S.D.=.288, σ²=.083) as postsurgical complications were similar. Eighty-four percent of patients had comorbidities, mostly undergoing open surgery (74%). Limitations: Its main limitation is the validity to the analysis due to the sample size. Originality: A comparative analysis with greater precision of radical prostatectomy in its different techniques has not been performed in northeastern Mexico. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is a good procedure over open radical prostatectomy to treat prostate cancer.