Analysis and experimental validation of the innate immune gene PSMD1 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma and pan-cancer

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic, prognostic and biological role of PSMD1 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma(LIHC), an innate immune gene that has been identified as a biomarker for various types of cancer. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, we investigated the correlation of PSMD1 with overall survival (OS), prognosis and clinical characteristics of LIHC, its potential as a biomarker for LIHC, and validation using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data. Immunohistochemical and single-cell studies confirmed these findings and subsequently investigated its role in a variety of cancers. Results showed that PSMD1 was overexpressed in LIHC tissues and acted as an independent prognostic factor affecting patient survival, with effects on clinical traits reflected in advanced stage and T-stage. Genomic enrichment analysis revealed the regulation of synaptic signaling, organ development, cell membrane channel regulation and immune pathways by PSMD1. PSMD1 expression in LIHC was positively correlated with immune infiltration and involved multiple immune cells. Pan-cancer studies have shown that PSMD1 also has important research potential in various cancers. PSMD1 is a good biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of LIHC, and PSMD1 may contribute to the progression of LIHC through receptor ligand regulation and immune-related pathways.