The Development of Eco-Friendly Biopolymers for Use in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery

Tissue engineering and drug delivery have emerged as promising fields that hold the potential to revolutionize modern healthcare. The widespread use of synthetic polymers in these applications raises concerns about their environmental impact and biocompatibility. In response, researchers have shifted their focus toward the development of eco-friendly biopolymers as viable alternatives. This review paper aims to comprehensively analyze the progress made in the utilization of biopolymers for tissue engineering and drug delivery, with an emphasis on their ecological advantages and biomedical performance. The review begins by exploring the diverse sources of biopolymers, such as proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids, derived from renewable resources, agricultural waste, etc. The discussion then delves into the unique properties of these biopolymers, including their biodegradability, nontoxic nature, and potential for controlled drug release. The incorporation of biopolymers in tissue engineering scaffolds is critically examined. The review also explores the role of biopolymers in the drug delivery systems, with a focus on nanoparticles, microparticles, hydrogels, and films. The capability of biopolymers to encapsulate and protect therapeutic agents, as well as their controlled release, is discussed in the context of targeted drug delivery and improved therapeutic outcomes. This paper highlights the challenges and future perspectives in the field of eco-friendly biopolymers for tissue engineering and drug delivery. Promising advancements in biofabrication techniques, nanotechnology, and personalized medicine are identified as key drivers for the rapid translation of these materials into the clinical applications. The development of eco-friendly biopolymers offers a sustainable and bio-safe alternative to the traditional synthetic polymers in tissue engineering and drug delivery. This comprehensive review underscores the crucial role of biopolymers in fostering advancements in regenerative medicine and therapeutic interventions while prioritizing environmental preservation and human health.