{"title":"实数量子力学:纠缠、超选择规则和量规","authors":"Vlatko Vedral","doi":"10.12743/quanta.v12i1.241","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"We show how imaginary numbers in quantum physics can be eliminated by enlarging the Hilbert space followed by an imposition of—what effectively amounts to—a superselection rule. We illustrate this procedure with a qubit and apply it to the Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The procedure is somewhat reminiscent of the constrained quantization of the electromagnetic field, where, in order to manifestly comply with relativity, one enlarges the Hilbert Space by quantizing the longitudinal and scalar modes, only to subsequently introduce a constraint to make sure that they are actually not directly observable.Quanta 2023; 12: 164–170.","PeriodicalId":37613,"journal":{"name":"Quanta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Quantum Mechanics with Real Numbers: Entanglement, Superselection Rules and Gauges\",\"authors\":\"Vlatko Vedral\",\"doi\":\"10.12743/quanta.v12i1.241\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"We show how imaginary numbers in quantum physics can be eliminated by enlarging the Hilbert space followed by an imposition of—what effectively amounts to—a superselection rule. We illustrate this procedure with a qubit and apply it to the Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The procedure is somewhat reminiscent of the constrained quantization of the electromagnetic field, where, in order to manifestly comply with relativity, one enlarges the Hilbert Space by quantizing the longitudinal and scalar modes, only to subsequently introduce a constraint to make sure that they are actually not directly observable.Quanta 2023; 12: 164–170.\",\"PeriodicalId\":37613,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Quanta\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-09-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Quanta\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.12743/quanta.v12i1.241\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"Arts and Humanities\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Quanta","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.12743/quanta.v12i1.241","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Arts and Humanities","Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantum Mechanics with Real Numbers: Entanglement, Superselection Rules and Gauges
We show how imaginary numbers in quantum physics can be eliminated by enlarging the Hilbert space followed by an imposition of—what effectively amounts to—a superselection rule. We illustrate this procedure with a qubit and apply it to the Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The procedure is somewhat reminiscent of the constrained quantization of the electromagnetic field, where, in order to manifestly comply with relativity, one enlarges the Hilbert Space by quantizing the longitudinal and scalar modes, only to subsequently introduce a constraint to make sure that they are actually not directly observable.Quanta 2023; 12: 164–170.
QuantaArts and Humanities-History and Philosophy of Science
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
5
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍:
Quanta is an open access academic journal publishing original research and review articles on foundations of quantum mechanics, mathematical physics and philosophy of science.