TO THE QUESTION OF GENESIS OF STYLISTIC DEVICES

The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of stylistic devices in scientific research and the birth of stylistics. The methodological base consists of general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis and generalization of information from historical sources and practical research of scientists in stylistics and rhetoric. The analysis revealed that stylistic devices, as an efficient and impactful way of expressing thoughts and influencing the audience, contributed to the emergence of such a science as stylistics. The main sources of stylistics were the national language, dialects, classical and modern literature, works of artists, and mass media. The theoretical basis for the development of stylistics was rhetoric, linguistics, psychology and logic. Stylistics can be broadly defined as the linguistic science of the means of expression and the regularities of the functioning of language, determined by the most appropriate use of language units in the text, depending on the content of the statement, goals, situation and sphere of communication. The article also considers the issue of classification of stylistic devices in modern domestic and foreign linguistics. Due to the diversity and multifacet nature of this issue in modern stylistics, there is a certain variety of approaches to the classification of stylistic devices. Depending on the focus of the analysis, researchers distinguish: lexical-grammatical, rhetorical, discursive-pragmatic, functional-stylistic classifications, as well as the classification of emotional language, stylistic figures and stylistic techniques. In the English-speaking tradition, stylistic devices are classified by the type of influence on the target audience: logos, pathos, ethos, and kairos. Another approach involves the division of rhetorical figures into 3 diverse groups: sound-related, order-related and meaning-related.