Enhancement of convective flow in ternary hybrid nanofluid induced by metachronal propulsion

This paper aims to inspect the mixed convective ciliary transport of ternary hybrid nanofluid through a curved channel having ciliated walls. Titanium oxide, Alumina oxide, and Silicon dioxide nanoparticles are taken for the current problem with blood as a base fluid. Due to the complexity of the flow regime, curvilinear coordinates are utilized to modulate resultant equations for two-dimensional flow under the consideration of heat source/sink effects. The attributes of ciliary structures are revealed by the dominance of viscous impacts over inertial impacts utilizing the long-wavelength approximation. The impacts of several interesting parameters on the flow fields are scrutinized via graphs. It can be examined that liquid velocity is enhanced by enhancing the cilia length parameter. The considered nanomaterials have remarkable applications in maintaining the heat transfer rate in blood flow through arteries.