Investigation of high-energy impact system using a physical model

The aim of the experimental research is to validate the theoretical findings obtained from a mathematical model of a two-mass impact system. The research object is a physical model of a two-mass impact system, designed to prevent the transfer of the reactive component to the tool carrier. The model includes a housing, inertial mass, elastic member and impact part. In the operating position, a compressed elastic member is placed between the inertial mass and the impact part, held together by dogs. The height at which the impact part detaches from the inertial mass is determined by the position of the clamp, which separates the moving impact part and inertial mass during free fall. The study involved the fundamental principles of similarity theory, planning theory and data processing. The height at which the impact part detaches from the inertial mass and the impact part is taken as an independent factor, while the energy of a single impact serves as the response function, determined by the diameter of the cone impression delivered by the impact part onto a wooden base. Based on the analysis of physical laws, similarity criteria for the impact mechanism were established, along with dependent and independent indicators, and transfer equations from real parameters to model parameters were derived. The research findings indicate that the total area of air holes should be at least half of the cross-sectional area of the housing for a physical model. The relationship between the diameter of the cone impression on the wooden base and the impact energy was determined. The adequacy of the mathematical model describing the processes in the impact device was confirmed, with a maximum discrepancy of 18% between the results of mathematical and physical modelling of the operating process for the impact mechanism characterised by an increased energy of a single impact. Therefore, the research results validate the results obtained from the mathematical model of the impact mechanism. Further studies should focus on refining the physical model to record the rebound height of the inertial mass as a function of the parameters of the impact mechanism.