GNSS衍生高度能否取代水准高度?-尼泊尔低地案例

Shanker KC, Stallin Bhandari, Sandesh Upadhyaya, Sanjeevan Shrestha
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摘要

正交高度是世界范围内和测绘界普遍采用的高度类型。在过去,全国大部分地区,如尼泊尔,都采用精确找平的方法来获得正高程。然而,由于全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)的广泛使用,将GNSS衍生椭球面高度与大地水准面波动相结合的方法得到GNSS衍生正交高度的替代方法得到了广泛的应用。在尼泊尔,这项技术于2020年被正式采用,用于珠穆朗玛峰的高度测量,并被认为是符合找平高度的有效方法。本研究在尼泊尔低地地区的15个站点进行了GNSS测量,并通过GNSS和大地水准面法获得了正高程。将GNSS导出的正高和精确水准高度进行比较,大多数观测站的差值仍在5cm以内。然而,这些差异不足以支持测量部门为三级水准所设定的标准。GNSS正测高程的精度会受到各种环境和现有资源的显著影响,如现有大地水准面精度、精确水准高程性质等。考虑到在这些条件下的重访,我们期望gnss找平作为一种强大的替代方法,以耗时,繁琐和昂贵的精确找平,这是在低地地形以小于4厘米的精度获得正测高度的最合适方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Can GNSS Derived Height Replace Levelling Height? - A Case of Low-Land of Nepal
Orthometric height is the generally adopted type of height worldwide and in geomatics community. Precise levelling has been the method of obtaining orthometric height in past for most of the country, so as the Nepal. However, due to wide usage of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the alternative approach of combining GNSS derived ellipsoidal height with geoid undulation to get GNSS derived orthometric height, has been used extensively. In Nepal, this technique was officially adopted in 2020 for Everest height measurement and understood as the efficient way to comply with levelling height. In this study, GNSS surveying was conducted on 15 stations located at the lowland region of Nepal and orthometric heights were obtained from GNSS and geoid method. When compared GNSS derived orthometric height with precise levelling height, the difference remained within threshold of 5cm for majority of observation stations. However, these differences are not sufficient to support the standards set for the third order levelling by Survey Department (SD). The accuracy of GNSS derived orthometric height can be significantly affected by various environment and existing resources such as existing accuracy of geoid, nature of precise levelling height. Considering the revisit upon these conditions, we expect GNSS-levelling as a strong alternative to time consuming, tedious, and costly precise levelling which is most suitable method of obtaining orthometric height in lowland topography at a precision less than 4 cm.
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