关于老龄化的胆固醇理论- 2022

A.N. Khokhlov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文提出了作者的观点,并据此提出了上世纪80年代由yum。Lopukhin等人,胆固醇衰老和死亡理论现在经常被许多生物学家和医生误解。需要强调的是,这一理论优先考虑的不是众所周知的胆固醇(CS)在代谢过程中的作用,而是它在细胞质膜中的结构作用。据推测,由于CS在细胞膜内的积累,导致细胞膜微粘度的增加,导致外界信号和营养物质向细胞的传递恶化,膜酶的活性降低。这组作者认为,这会引发细胞、组织和器官以及整个多细胞生物发生“衰老”变化,最终导致其死亡的可能性增加,即衰老。与此同时,血清中CS(主要是被认为是特别“坏”的低密度脂蛋白CS)的含量只被赋予了一个次要的作用,因为根据该概念的作者,它的增加根本没有必要,会导致身体的不利变化。本文简要讨论了CS在衰老和各种年龄相关病理(主要是心血管疾病和精神障碍)发展中的可能作用的观点的演变。本文分析了含正常CS脂质体和氧化CS脂质体对培养细胞增殖活性影响的实验数据。考虑到纵向研究的数据,矛盾的是,血浆中CS水平升高的人会活得更久。同时,大量食用富含CS的食物可能并不会影响部分患者的健康。值得注意的是,许多研究表明血清中CS水平与动脉粥样硬化变化的发生之间缺乏因果关系。CS是人体非常重要的化合物,没有CS,细胞增殖和正常再生是不可能的。值得注意的是,关于他汀类药物在年龄相关病理形成中的负面作用的数据不断增加,特别是在老年人群中。综上所述,目前很明显,有必要(使用系统方法)对CS在衰老、动脉粥样硬化和其他年龄相关疾病的发展以及包括阿尔茨海默病在内的各种原因引起的痴呆中的可能作用进行重大重新评估。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
On the cholesterol theory of aging – 2022
The author’s point of view is presented, according to which, formulated back in the 80s of the last century by Yu.M. Lopukhin et al., the cholesterol theory of aging and death is now often misunderstood by many biologists and physicians. It is emphasized that this theory prioritized not the well-known role of cholesterol (CS) in metabolic processes, but its structural role in the plasma membrane of the cell. It was assumed that an increase in the microviscosity of the cell membrane due to the accumulation of CS in it leads to a deterioration in the transfer of external signals and nutrients to the cell, as well as to a decrease in the activity of membrane enzymes. This, according to the authors, triggers the occurrence of “senile” changes in cells, tissues and organs, and then in the entire multicellular organism, which ultimately leds to an increase in the probability of its death, that is, to aging. At the same time, the content of CS (mainly, of considered to be especially “bad” CS of low density lipoproteins) in serum was assigned only a minor role, because its increase is not at all necessary, according to the authors of the concept, leads to adverse changes in the body. This paper briefly discusses the evolution of ideas about the possible role of CS in aging and the development of various age-related pathologies, mainly cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders. Experimental data on the effect of liposomes containing both normal and oxidized CS on the proliferative activity of cultured cells are analyzed. The data of longitudinal studies are considered, suggesting that, paradoxically, it is people with elevated levels of CS in the blood plasma who live to an advanced age. At the same time, the consumption of large amounts of food rich in CS may not affect the health of some patients. It is noted that a number of studies indicate the absence of a causal relationship between the level of CS in serum and the occurrence of atherosclerotic changes. It is emphasized that CS is a very important compound for our body, without which cell proliferation and, as a result, normal regeneration are impossible. It is noted that there is a continuously increasing amount of data on the negative role of statins in the formation of age-related pathology, especially in people of older age groups. It is concluded that at present it becomes obvious that there is a need for a significant reappraisal (using the systems approach) of ideas about the possible role of CS in aging, the development of atherosclerosis and other age-related diseases, as well as dementias due to various causes, including Alzheimer’s disease.
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