A Mini-Review of Magnesium Sulfate's Anti-Inflammatory, Immune, and Neuroprotective Mechanisms in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe neurological condition frequently associated with devastating complications. This mini-review explores the therapeutic potential of magnesium sulfate (MS) in this setting. We conducted an updated search across several academic databases, focusing on articles examining MS's anti-inflammatory, immune-modulating, and neuroprotective properties in this setting. The findings suggested that MS can inhibit specific inflammatory pathways, reduce pro-inflammatory markers, modulate immune responses by inhibiting microglial activation, and offer neuroprotection through mechanisms such as NMDA receptor antagonism. However, despite the promising aspects of MS for SAH complications management, available clinical studies yield inconsistent outcomes. Additional research is necessary for full clinical validation.