审查从低地球轨道清除空间碎片的方法和手段

D.S. Svorobin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

空间碎片问题在当今世界的重要性已得到普遍承认。近地空间的空间碎片物体数量正在迅速增加。本文的目的是概述从近地轨道清除空间碎片的现有方法、系统和手段,以期有助于解决利用外层空间的一个热门问题:近地空间的空间碎片问题。空间主要国家正在积极发展空间碎片清除系统。概述表明,科学出版物非常重视从近地空间清除空间碎片的被动和主动方法和手段。最近开始研究采用联合方法清除空间碎片系统的可行性,这种方法同时使用在被动和主动方法基础上发展的手段。本文研究了一种组合的非接触式空间碎片清除系统,该系统在服役航天器上安装了电喷气发动机和双板形式的气动补偿器。该组合系统通过离子束作用于空间碎片物体,实现空间碎片物体的定向脱轨。拟议的联合空间系统可用于将空间碎片从低地球轨道移至稠密的大气中,然后将其燃烧。发展空间碎片清除系统的联合路线尚待研究;然而,与单独使用主动和被动方法相比,它的实施将提供一些优势。因此,基于非接触式空间碎片清除的气动补偿组合空间系统的开发是一个很有前途的方向,但也存在一些有待进一步研究的问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Review of methods and means for space debris removal from low-earth orbits
The importance of the space debris problem in the today’s world is generally recognized. The number of space debris objects in near-Earth space is rapidly growing. The goal of this paper is to overview existing methods, systems, and means for space debris removal from low-Earth orbits with the aim to contribute to the solution of a topical problem of outer space utilization: the problem of space debris in near-Earth space. Space debris removal systems are under active development in the leading space countries. The overview showed that in scientific publications a great attention is paid to passive and active methods and means for space debris removal from near-Earth space. Relatively recently, a start was made on studying the feasibility of space debris removal systems using a combined method, which simultaneously uses means developed on the basis of passive and active methods. This paper considers a combined contactless space debris removal system with a service spacecraft equipped with electrojet engines and an aerodynamic compensator in the form of two plates. The combined system implements a directional deorbit of space debris objects by acting thereon with an ion beam. The proposed combined space system may be used to remove space debris from low-Earth orbits to the dense atmosphere followed by its burn-up. The combined line in the development of space debris removal systems is yet to be studied; however, its implementation would offer some advantages over active and passive methods used alone. Because of this, the development of the proposed combined space system with an aerodynamic compensator for contactless space debris removal is a promising line, which poses problems for further studie.
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