Numerical approximations of thin structure deformations

We review different models for thin structures using bending as principal mechanism to undergo large deformations. Each model consists of minimizing a fourth order energy, potentially subject to a nonconvex constraint. Equilibrium deformations are approximated using local discontinuous Galerkin finite elements. The discrete energies relies on a discrete Hessian operator defined on discontinuous functions with better approximation properties than the piecewise Hessian. Discrete gradient flows are used to drive the minimization process. They are chosen for their robustness and ability to preserve the nonconvex constraint. Several numerical experiments are presented to showcase the variety of shapes achievable with these models.