Thematic tactile maps for accessible flood mitigation planning: design and evaluation

ABSTRACTMaps are frequently employed in the natural hazard mitigation planning (NHMP) process for analyze a community’s vulnerability to hazards and illustrating the character of potential hazards. But because the encoded information of these maps relies on visual access, blind or low-vision (B/LV) people who want to contribute to their community’s NHMP efforts are therefore effectively excluded from any stage of the process involving maps. In response, we investigate tactile flood maps as an accessible tool for NHMP. Our study proposes a workflow for creating thematic tactile flood maps using existing resources, methods, and design conventions, and then evaluates those thematic tactile maps to understand user confidence amongst B/LV users. This work contributes a proposed configuration of tactile mapping resources to be used for NHMP and evaluates user confidence while using those resources. Results suggest that B/LV users respond positively to using tactile maps in a high-stakes context such as NHMP, and that tactile maps can expand the number and diversity of people who are able to contribute to NHMP. To maximize contributions, we recommend that future tactile map research invest a greater amount of attention to developing resources for B/LV people to create, edit, and distribute maps themselves.KEYWORDS: Usabilityuser experienceblindlow visiondisabilitydisasterhazard AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank Michelle McManus, Naomi Rosenberg, Deborah Klein, Ken Quinn, and Tim Prestby for their essential contributions to this project.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementParticipants in this study did not agree for their data to be shared publicly, so supporting data is not available.Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2023.2264747