A Multidimensional Approach for Measuring Meritocratic Beliefs: Advantages, Limitations and Alternatives to the ISSP Social Inequality Survey

AbstractA great part of the comparative international research that has attempted to measure meritocratic beliefs has used the social inequality module of the ISSP (International Social Survey Programme), which offers an unprecedented opportunity to compare meritocratic views in different societies. Based on a series of studies using ISSP data, the present paper proposes a multidimensional measurement framework for meritocratic beliefs. This framework distinguishes, on the one side, between perceptions and preferences and, on the other side, between meritocratic and not meritocratic aspects. In the first study, we test the multidimensional framework for meritocratic beliefs using the ISSP 2009 inequality module through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) techniques. After identifying the advantages and some limitations of ISSP items for a multidimensional operationalization of meritocratic beliefs, in a second study, we suggest a modified set of items that better taps the different dimensions of meritocracy. We examined the measuring properties of this new instrument using a sample of Chilean adults (N = 2,141). Based on these results, we recommend improvements in measuring meritocratic beliefs in cross-national studies.Keywords: Meritocracysurvey methodologysocial inequalityconstruct measurement Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Despite the good fit indicators for the general model, attempts to fit a measurement invariant model run into convergence problems. Therefore, it is possible that the model present different fit indicators in different countries.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Chilean National Agency for Research and Development ANID, FONDECYT Grant 1210847, Millennium Nucleus on Digital Inequalities and Opportunities (NUDOS) Grant NCS2022_046, and FONDAP/COES Grant 15130009.