危机前后的城市复原力和可持续性——以证据为基础的分析和欧洲部分城市的经验教训

IF 3.5 Q3 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Ashraf M. Salama, Madhavi P. Patil, Laura MacLean
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管欧洲城市努力实现弹性和可持续的城市未来,但仍面临着由自然和人为风险引起的众多危机。本文提出了两个关键问题:城市如何经历和管理它们所遇到的危机情况?在明确的决策结构中,将可持续发展纳入地方层面的计划和行动是什么?因此,它的目的是在城市危机的背景下审查城市复原力以及由于危机局势而产生的相关健康问题,同时确定在危机之后构思和实施的可持续城市发展倡议和战略。设计/方法/方法循证分析方法遵循两条调查路线。第一种是基于案例的,确定了11个经历过危机的城市和另外10个实施了城市韧性战略的城市。第二阶段以主题为基础,在城市和项目层面确定与可持续城市发展相关的战略。通过将从分析中吸取的经验教训与最近的国际指导和与6名专家举行的进一步共同设想讲习班相结合,验证了这两条调查路线的结果。基于证据的分析揭示了主要的经验教训,这些经验教训可分为两大类:(a)从第一行调查(基于案例)中获得的对未来城市韧性的经验教训;(b)从第二条调查(基于主题)中获得的对未来可持续城市发展的经验教训。经过验证的经验教训提供了四个领域,可以作为未来城市韧性和可持续城市发展的关键优先事项,包括(a)城市韧性和城市可持续性的治理、有效沟通和决策;(b)可持续城市发展的复原力和参与性做法的社会层面;(c)从隐性保健战略转向对保健的积极影响;(d)倡议多样化和可持续发展努力的地方化。在证据的性质和从调查中产生的知识类型方面,文献计量学分析所能提供的东西总是有局限性的。这种局限性体现在这样一个事实,即分析涉及知识体系,但不是基于对案例发生的物理或社会背景的参与,也不是通过包括系统观察、重点访谈和态度调查在内的实证调查。虽然该研究没有产生实证结果,但文献计量学分析的严谨性为城市如何经历和管理危机局势及其当前的计划和优先行动提供了可信和可靠的证据,以纳入和本地化可持续发展措施。本研究对政策、实践和行动具有重要意义,因为它明确了这样一种观点,即在城市或城市层面理解城市弹性和可持续性需要将两者结合起来。研究结果为在危机期间和危机之后对城市复原力和可持续性进行更有背景的、基于证据的考察提供了坚实的基础。强调从经历过的危机情况中产生的城市和健康挑战,如何管理这些挑战,以及如何理解可持续城市发展和地方复原力战略,阐明了市议会和建筑环境从业人员可以采用和采取行动的见解。该分析以关键经验教训的形式提供了对城市弹性和可持续城市发展的全面见解,这些经验教训代表了为建设更美好的城市未来开发基础的第一步。人们对这些规模的复原力和可持续性知之甚少。这项工作的独创性在于其广度和深度,在系统调查和审视过去20年出现的知识体系的基础上,获得了对城市韧性和可持续城市发展的包容性理解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Urban resilience and sustainability through and beyond crisis – evidence-based analysis and lessons learned from selected European cities
Purpose Despite striving for resilience and a sustainable urban future, European cities face a multitude of crisis caused by both natural and human-induced risks. This paper asks two key questions: How have cities experienced and managed crises situations they encountered? and What are the plans and actions for embedding sustainability at a local level within a clear decision-making structure? Hence, it aims to examine urban resilience in the context of urban crisis and the associated health concerns that took place because of crisis situations, while identifying sustainable urban development initiatives and strategies that were conceived and implemented beyond crisis. Design/methodology/approach An evidence-based analytical approach is undertaken following two lines of inquiry. The first is case-based and identifies 11 cities that have experienced crisis situations and a further 10 cities that have instigated urban resilience strategies. The second is theme-based and engages with identifying strategies relevant to sustainable urban development at city and project levels. The outcomes of the two lines of inquiry are verified by mapping the lessons learned from the analysis to recent international guidance and a further co-visioning workshop with 6 experts. Findings The evidence-based analysis reveals key lessons which were classified under two primary types of findings: (a) lessons learned for a future urban resilience resulting from the 1st line of Inquiry (case-based) and (b) lessons learned for a future sustainable urban development resulting from the 2nd line of inquiry (theme-based). The verified lessons provide four areas that can be utilised as key priorities for future urban resilience and sustainable urban development including (a) Governance, effective communication, and decision making for city resilience and urban sustainability; (b) the social dimension of resilience and participatory practices for sustainable urban development; (c) from implicit strategies for health to positive impact on health; and (d) diversification of initiatives and localisation of sustainable development endeavours. Research limitations/implications There is always limitation on what a bibliometrics analysis can offer in terms of the nature of evidence and the type of knowledge generated from the investigation. This limitation manifests in the fact that the analysis engages with the body of knowledge but not based on engaging physically or socially with the contexts within which the cases took place or through empirical investigations including systematic observations, focused interviews, and attitude surveys. While the study does not generate empirical findings, the rigour of the bibliometrics analysis offers a credible and reliable evidence on how cities experienced and managed crises situations and their current plans and priority actions for embedding and localising sustainable development measures. Practical implications This research conveys significant implications for policy, practice, and action in that it crystalises the view that understanding urban resilience and sustainability, at the city or urban level, requires coupling the two. The findings offer a solid foundation for a more contextualised, evidence-based examination of urban resilience and sustainability during and beyond crisis. Highlighting urban and health challenges that emerged from experienced crisis situations, how these were managed and developing an understanding of sustainable urban development and local resilience strategies elucidate insights that can be adopted and acted upon by city councils and built environment practitioners. Originality/value The analysis provides comprehensive insights into urban resilience and sustainable urban development at both city and continental Europe scales in the form of key lessons that represent the first step towards developing rudiments for building a better urban future. Little is known about resilience and sustainability at these scales. The originality of this work lies in the breadth and depth for capturing an inclusive understanding of urban resilience and sustainable urban development based on systematic inquiry and scrutinising the body of knowledge emerged over the past 2 decades.
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来源期刊
Smart and Sustainable Built Environment
Smart and Sustainable Built Environment GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-
CiteScore
9.20
自引率
8.30%
发文量
53
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