在盐沼工作。在英属斯里兰卡殖民地汉班托塔的天然盐田里,囚犯工人

IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q1 HISTORY
Sanayi Marcelline
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This paper contends that the inter-regional and local practice of im/mobilizing convicts to worksites as seen in Hambantota was a micro-spatial process of punishment, exile and labour extraction that was integral to larger processes of social control and labour coercion. However, despite the attempts at confining the convict labour force at the saltern through military and judicial means, the men condemned to labour for salt resisted the conditions of servitude through multiple strategies ranging from flight to evasion.KEYWORDS: Saltconvict labourSri Lankalabour coercionsocial controlresistance, disciplined mobility Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1. Between 1796–1825, the British used the rix dollar as currency in Sri Lanka. It was derived from the Dutch rijksdaalder and stuiver.2. Supreme Court, Criminal Jurisdiction Colombo Second Session, Citation1806, July 16, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 81/464.3. The Supreme Court functioned in a circuit (holding sessions in various locations of the island) and had full criminal jurisdiction over the Maritime Provinces in Sri Lanka, while the Sitting Magistrate’s courts functioned in local areas such as districts.4. I use the term labour extraction to imply the means through which labour effort was extracted by means of supervision, discipline, technology, punishment (Maxwell-Stewart, Citation2015).5. The term site of labour coercion indicates a workplace such as a factory, plantation or mine as opposed to a field of coercion which would mean the study of labour relations in sites situated along the production, distribution and consumption chains of a single commodity (De Vitto et al., Citation2020, p.652)6. The Abolition of the Slave Trade Act came in 1807. For a comprehensive study of slavery a subaltern experience in early British colonial Sri Lanka see Wickramasinghe, N. 2021; For the British abolition of slavery in Sri Lanka see Wickramasinghe, C. 2010, pp. 315–335.7. Kangani is a Tamil word meaning supervisor or overseer.8. Letters from the Chief Secretary, Letters from Tho Eden to the Collector of Jaffna, 1828, November 18 and 27, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 7/322, p. 158 and p. 162.9. The term ‘coolie’ is often associated with indentured contract labour migrants from India and China, its use was in fact far more ubiquitous and ambiguous. As Van Rossum (Citation2016) has indicated in Dutch controlled Sri Lanka, ‘coolie’ could cover wage labour, specific types of work or even specific types of covee labour. In British Sri Lanka, the term appears to be widespread and used to denote unskilled forms of labour.10. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to Robert Arbuthnot, Citation1806, July 18, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.11. The British used the word brigandage to mean highway robbery in Sri Lanka.12. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from John Rodney to Joseph Smith, 1806, December 11 and Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from John Dean to Smitz (sic), 1806, December 18, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.13. Diary of the Fiscal Trincomalee, Letter from John George Kerby to Alex Cadell, Citation1807, January 5, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group, 6/129.14. Letters from the Chief Secretary, Letter from John Dean to Joseph Smith, Citation1806, December 12, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 7/110, pp. 12–13.15. Diary of the Salt Agent, ‘List of the Following prisoners under the charge of the Agent for Salt,’ 1808, February, 29, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.16. Diary of the Salt Agent, ‘List of the following prisoners for the month of December,’ 1810, December, 31, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.17. Diary of the Salt Agent, ‘List of the Prisoners under the charge of the Sitting Magistrate Hambangtotta,’ 1811, March 31, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.18. Supreme Court, Criminal Jurisdiction Galle, Citation1806, June 2, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 81/506.19. Supreme Court, Criminal Jurisdiction Matara, Citation1810, April 28, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 81/506.20. Supreme Court, Criminal Jurisdiction Matara, 1810, May 11, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 81/506.21. Despatches of the Governor. Despatch from Thomas Maitland to Windham, Citation1807, February 28, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 5/77.22. Diary of the Fiscal Trincomalee, Letter from John George Kerby to Alex Cadell, Citation1807, January 5.23. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Rodney, 1807, February n.d., Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.24. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Rodney, 1807, January, 3, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.25. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Rodney, 1807, February 4, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.26. Diary of the Salt Agent. ‘List of the following prisoners under the charge of the Agent for salt,’ 1807, August n.d., Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.27. Diary of the Salt Agent. ‘List of the following prisoners under the charge of the Agent for the salt,’ 1807, February 28, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.28. Letters from the Chief Secretary, Letter from John Dean to Joseph Smith, 1807, November 19. Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 7/71, p. 139.29. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Rodney, 1807, November 25, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.30. Diary of the Salt Agent, ‘Report of the names of the respective leways,’ n.d., Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.31. Approximately 24.9 kilograms.32. Despatches of the Governor. Fredrick North to Lord Hobart, Citation1802, September 10, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 5/1.33. Diary of the Salt Agent, ‘Report of the names of the respective leways,’ n.d., Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.34. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Rodney 1807, March 15, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.35. Diary of the Salt Agent, Report of the names of the respective leways, n.d, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92; Letters from the Chief Secretary, John Dean to Joseph Smith, 1807, November 5, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 7/71.36. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Dean, 1807, July 6, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.37. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from M. J. Smyth to J. Gay, 1813, August 17, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.38. Despatches of the Governor, Robert Brownrigg to Liverpool, Citation1812, August 22, Sri Lanka National Archive, Record Group 5/91, Despatch No.15.Additional informationNotes on contributorsSanayi MarcellineSanayi Marcelline MPhil. in Historical Studies, (Cantab), U.K. is currently a PhD candidate at the University of Leiden, the Netherlands. Her research interests include slave ancestry in late 18th and early 19th century Sri Lanka, and free and unfree labour in British colonial Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Working the salterns. Convict workers in the natural salt pans of Hambantota, in British colonial Sri Lanka\",\"authors\":\"Sanayi Marcelline\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/0023656x.2023.2252768\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"ABSTRACTIn the early 19th century, the British colonial state in Sri Lanka embarked on an experiment in deploying convict labour for salt collecting. ‘Criminals’ from all parts of the island region convicted mainly for robbery and vagrancy and sentenced to hard labour by various courts of justice, were sent to an isolated outpost in the district of Hambantota in the deep south of Sri Lanka to labour at a naturally formed saltern known as the Maha Levaya. Executive, judicial, and administrative actors of the state played a key role in mobilising and immobilising the convicts at the saltern in order to fulfil the dual functions of punishment and profit. This paper contends that the inter-regional and local practice of im/mobilizing convicts to worksites as seen in Hambantota was a micro-spatial process of punishment, exile and labour extraction that was integral to larger processes of social control and labour coercion. However, despite the attempts at confining the convict labour force at the saltern through military and judicial means, the men condemned to labour for salt resisted the conditions of servitude through multiple strategies ranging from flight to evasion.KEYWORDS: Saltconvict labourSri Lankalabour coercionsocial controlresistance, disciplined mobility Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1. Between 1796–1825, the British used the rix dollar as currency in Sri Lanka. It was derived from the Dutch rijksdaalder and stuiver.2. Supreme Court, Criminal Jurisdiction Colombo Second Session, Citation1806, July 16, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 81/464.3. The Supreme Court functioned in a circuit (holding sessions in various locations of the island) and had full criminal jurisdiction over the Maritime Provinces in Sri Lanka, while the Sitting Magistrate’s courts functioned in local areas such as districts.4. I use the term labour extraction to imply the means through which labour effort was extracted by means of supervision, discipline, technology, punishment (Maxwell-Stewart, Citation2015).5. The term site of labour coercion indicates a workplace such as a factory, plantation or mine as opposed to a field of coercion which would mean the study of labour relations in sites situated along the production, distribution and consumption chains of a single commodity (De Vitto et al., Citation2020, p.652)6. The Abolition of the Slave Trade Act came in 1807. For a comprehensive study of slavery a subaltern experience in early British colonial Sri Lanka see Wickramasinghe, N. 2021; For the British abolition of slavery in Sri Lanka see Wickramasinghe, C. 2010, pp. 315–335.7. Kangani is a Tamil word meaning supervisor or overseer.8. Letters from the Chief Secretary, Letters from Tho Eden to the Collector of Jaffna, 1828, November 18 and 27, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 7/322, p. 158 and p. 162.9. The term ‘coolie’ is often associated with indentured contract labour migrants from India and China, its use was in fact far more ubiquitous and ambiguous. As Van Rossum (Citation2016) has indicated in Dutch controlled Sri Lanka, ‘coolie’ could cover wage labour, specific types of work or even specific types of covee labour. In British Sri Lanka, the term appears to be widespread and used to denote unskilled forms of labour.10. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to Robert Arbuthnot, Citation1806, July 18, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.11. The British used the word brigandage to mean highway robbery in Sri Lanka.12. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from John Rodney to Joseph Smith, 1806, December 11 and Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from John Dean to Smitz (sic), 1806, December 18, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.13. Diary of the Fiscal Trincomalee, Letter from John George Kerby to Alex Cadell, Citation1807, January 5, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group, 6/129.14. Letters from the Chief Secretary, Letter from John Dean to Joseph Smith, Citation1806, December 12, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 7/110, pp. 12–13.15. Diary of the Salt Agent, ‘List of the Following prisoners under the charge of the Agent for Salt,’ 1808, February, 29, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.16. Diary of the Salt Agent, ‘List of the following prisoners for the month of December,’ 1810, December, 31, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.17. Diary of the Salt Agent, ‘List of the Prisoners under the charge of the Sitting Magistrate Hambangtotta,’ 1811, March 31, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.18. Supreme Court, Criminal Jurisdiction Galle, Citation1806, June 2, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 81/506.19. Supreme Court, Criminal Jurisdiction Matara, Citation1810, April 28, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 81/506.20. Supreme Court, Criminal Jurisdiction Matara, 1810, May 11, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 81/506.21. Despatches of the Governor. Despatch from Thomas Maitland to Windham, Citation1807, February 28, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 5/77.22. Diary of the Fiscal Trincomalee, Letter from John George Kerby to Alex Cadell, Citation1807, January 5.23. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Rodney, 1807, February n.d., Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.24. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Rodney, 1807, January, 3, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.25. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Rodney, 1807, February 4, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.26. Diary of the Salt Agent. ‘List of the following prisoners under the charge of the Agent for salt,’ 1807, August n.d., Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.27. Diary of the Salt Agent. ‘List of the following prisoners under the charge of the Agent for the salt,’ 1807, February 28, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.28. Letters from the Chief Secretary, Letter from John Dean to Joseph Smith, 1807, November 19. Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 7/71, p. 139.29. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Rodney, 1807, November 25, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.30. Diary of the Salt Agent, ‘Report of the names of the respective leways,’ n.d., Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.31. Approximately 24.9 kilograms.32. Despatches of the Governor. Fredrick North to Lord Hobart, Citation1802, September 10, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 5/1.33. Diary of the Salt Agent, ‘Report of the names of the respective leways,’ n.d., Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.34. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Rodney 1807, March 15, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.35. Diary of the Salt Agent, Report of the names of the respective leways, n.d, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92; Letters from the Chief Secretary, John Dean to Joseph Smith, 1807, November 5, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 7/71.36. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Dean, 1807, July 6, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.37. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from M. J. Smyth to J. Gay, 1813, August 17, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.38. Despatches of the Governor, Robert Brownrigg to Liverpool, Citation1812, August 22, Sri Lanka National Archive, Record Group 5/91, Despatch No.15.Additional informationNotes on contributorsSanayi MarcellineSanayi Marcelline MPhil. in Historical Studies, (Cantab), U.K. is currently a PhD candidate at the University of Leiden, the Netherlands. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

托马斯·梅特兰致温德姆的信,引文1807,2月28日,斯里兰卡国家档案馆,记录组5/77.22。财政亭可马尔日记,约翰·乔治·克尔比给亚历克斯·卡德尔的信,引文1807,1月5日。盐剂日记,约瑟夫·史密斯给约翰·罗德尼的信,1807年2月1日,斯里兰卡国家档案馆,记录组6/92.24。盐剂日记,约瑟夫·史密斯给约翰·罗德尼的信,1807年1月3日,斯里兰卡国家档案馆,记录组6/92.25。盐剂日记,约瑟夫·史密斯给约翰·罗德尼的信,1807年2月4日,斯里兰卡国家档案馆,记录组6/92.26。盐剂日记。“下列囚犯名单,由盐代理人负责,”1807年8月1日,斯里兰卡国家档案馆,记录组6/92.27。盐剂日记。“以下囚犯名单,由盐代理人负责,”1807年2月28日,斯里兰卡国家档案馆,记录组6/92.28。首席秘书的信,约翰·迪恩给约瑟夫·史密斯的信,1807年11月19日。斯里兰卡国家档案馆,记录组7/71,第139.29页。盐剂日记,约瑟夫·史密斯给约翰·罗德尼的信,1807年11月25日,斯里兰卡国家档案馆,记录组6/92.30。《盐剂日记》,“各通道名称报告”,斯里兰卡国家档案馆,记录组6/92.31。大约24.9公斤。总督的快讯。弗雷德里克·诺斯致霍巴特勋爵,引文1802,9月10日,斯里兰卡国家档案馆,记录组5/1.33。《盐剂日记》,“各通道名称报告”,斯里兰卡国家档案馆,记录组6/92.34。盐剂日记,约瑟夫·史密斯给约翰·罗德尼的信,1807年3月15日,斯里兰卡国家档案馆,记录组6/92.35。《盐剂日记》,《各通道名称报告》,斯里兰卡国家档案馆,记录组6/92;首席秘书约翰·迪恩给约瑟夫·史密斯的信,1807年11月5日,斯里兰卡国家档案馆,记录组7/71.36。盐剂日记,约瑟夫·史密斯给约翰·迪恩的信,1807年7月6日,斯里兰卡国家档案馆,记录组6/92.37。盐剂日记,M. J.史密斯给J.盖伊的信,1813年8月17日,斯里兰卡国家档案馆,记录组6/92.38。总督罗伯特·布朗里格对利物浦的快讯,引文1812,8月22日,斯里兰卡国家档案馆,记录组5/91,快讯第15号。关于贡献者的说明sanayi MarcellineSanayi Marcelline MPhil。英国(Cantab)历史学博士,目前在荷兰莱顿大学攻读博士学位。她的研究兴趣包括18世纪末和19世纪初斯里兰卡的奴隶祖先,以及英国殖民斯里兰卡的自由和不自由劳工。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Working the salterns. Convict workers in the natural salt pans of Hambantota, in British colonial Sri Lanka
ABSTRACTIn the early 19th century, the British colonial state in Sri Lanka embarked on an experiment in deploying convict labour for salt collecting. ‘Criminals’ from all parts of the island region convicted mainly for robbery and vagrancy and sentenced to hard labour by various courts of justice, were sent to an isolated outpost in the district of Hambantota in the deep south of Sri Lanka to labour at a naturally formed saltern known as the Maha Levaya. Executive, judicial, and administrative actors of the state played a key role in mobilising and immobilising the convicts at the saltern in order to fulfil the dual functions of punishment and profit. This paper contends that the inter-regional and local practice of im/mobilizing convicts to worksites as seen in Hambantota was a micro-spatial process of punishment, exile and labour extraction that was integral to larger processes of social control and labour coercion. However, despite the attempts at confining the convict labour force at the saltern through military and judicial means, the men condemned to labour for salt resisted the conditions of servitude through multiple strategies ranging from flight to evasion.KEYWORDS: Saltconvict labourSri Lankalabour coercionsocial controlresistance, disciplined mobility Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1. Between 1796–1825, the British used the rix dollar as currency in Sri Lanka. It was derived from the Dutch rijksdaalder and stuiver.2. Supreme Court, Criminal Jurisdiction Colombo Second Session, Citation1806, July 16, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 81/464.3. The Supreme Court functioned in a circuit (holding sessions in various locations of the island) and had full criminal jurisdiction over the Maritime Provinces in Sri Lanka, while the Sitting Magistrate’s courts functioned in local areas such as districts.4. I use the term labour extraction to imply the means through which labour effort was extracted by means of supervision, discipline, technology, punishment (Maxwell-Stewart, Citation2015).5. The term site of labour coercion indicates a workplace such as a factory, plantation or mine as opposed to a field of coercion which would mean the study of labour relations in sites situated along the production, distribution and consumption chains of a single commodity (De Vitto et al., Citation2020, p.652)6. The Abolition of the Slave Trade Act came in 1807. For a comprehensive study of slavery a subaltern experience in early British colonial Sri Lanka see Wickramasinghe, N. 2021; For the British abolition of slavery in Sri Lanka see Wickramasinghe, C. 2010, pp. 315–335.7. Kangani is a Tamil word meaning supervisor or overseer.8. Letters from the Chief Secretary, Letters from Tho Eden to the Collector of Jaffna, 1828, November 18 and 27, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 7/322, p. 158 and p. 162.9. The term ‘coolie’ is often associated with indentured contract labour migrants from India and China, its use was in fact far more ubiquitous and ambiguous. As Van Rossum (Citation2016) has indicated in Dutch controlled Sri Lanka, ‘coolie’ could cover wage labour, specific types of work or even specific types of covee labour. In British Sri Lanka, the term appears to be widespread and used to denote unskilled forms of labour.10. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to Robert Arbuthnot, Citation1806, July 18, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.11. The British used the word brigandage to mean highway robbery in Sri Lanka.12. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from John Rodney to Joseph Smith, 1806, December 11 and Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from John Dean to Smitz (sic), 1806, December 18, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.13. Diary of the Fiscal Trincomalee, Letter from John George Kerby to Alex Cadell, Citation1807, January 5, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group, 6/129.14. Letters from the Chief Secretary, Letter from John Dean to Joseph Smith, Citation1806, December 12, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 7/110, pp. 12–13.15. Diary of the Salt Agent, ‘List of the Following prisoners under the charge of the Agent for Salt,’ 1808, February, 29, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.16. Diary of the Salt Agent, ‘List of the following prisoners for the month of December,’ 1810, December, 31, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.17. Diary of the Salt Agent, ‘List of the Prisoners under the charge of the Sitting Magistrate Hambangtotta,’ 1811, March 31, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.18. Supreme Court, Criminal Jurisdiction Galle, Citation1806, June 2, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 81/506.19. Supreme Court, Criminal Jurisdiction Matara, Citation1810, April 28, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 81/506.20. Supreme Court, Criminal Jurisdiction Matara, 1810, May 11, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 81/506.21. Despatches of the Governor. Despatch from Thomas Maitland to Windham, Citation1807, February 28, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 5/77.22. Diary of the Fiscal Trincomalee, Letter from John George Kerby to Alex Cadell, Citation1807, January 5.23. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Rodney, 1807, February n.d., Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.24. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Rodney, 1807, January, 3, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.25. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Rodney, 1807, February 4, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.26. Diary of the Salt Agent. ‘List of the following prisoners under the charge of the Agent for salt,’ 1807, August n.d., Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.27. Diary of the Salt Agent. ‘List of the following prisoners under the charge of the Agent for the salt,’ 1807, February 28, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.28. Letters from the Chief Secretary, Letter from John Dean to Joseph Smith, 1807, November 19. Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 7/71, p. 139.29. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Rodney, 1807, November 25, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.30. Diary of the Salt Agent, ‘Report of the names of the respective leways,’ n.d., Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.31. Approximately 24.9 kilograms.32. Despatches of the Governor. Fredrick North to Lord Hobart, Citation1802, September 10, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 5/1.33. Diary of the Salt Agent, ‘Report of the names of the respective leways,’ n.d., Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.34. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Rodney 1807, March 15, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.35. Diary of the Salt Agent, Report of the names of the respective leways, n.d, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92; Letters from the Chief Secretary, John Dean to Joseph Smith, 1807, November 5, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 7/71.36. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from Joseph Smith to John Dean, 1807, July 6, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.37. Diary of the Salt Agent, Letter from M. J. Smyth to J. Gay, 1813, August 17, Sri Lanka National Archives, Record Group 6/92.38. Despatches of the Governor, Robert Brownrigg to Liverpool, Citation1812, August 22, Sri Lanka National Archive, Record Group 5/91, Despatch No.15.Additional informationNotes on contributorsSanayi MarcellineSanayi Marcelline MPhil. in Historical Studies, (Cantab), U.K. is currently a PhD candidate at the University of Leiden, the Netherlands. Her research interests include slave ancestry in late 18th and early 19th century Sri Lanka, and free and unfree labour in British colonial Sri Lanka.
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来源期刊
Labor History
Labor History Multiple-
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
28.60%
发文量
44
期刊介绍: Labor History is the pre-eminent journal for historical scholarship on labor. It is thoroughly ecumenical in its approach and showcases the work of labor historians, industrial relations scholars, labor economists, political scientists, sociologists, social movement theorists, business scholars and all others who write about labor issues. Labor History is also committed to geographical and chronological breadth. It publishes work on labor in the US and all other areas of the world. It is concerned with questions of labor in every time period, from the eighteenth century to contemporary events. Labor History provides a forum for all labor scholars, thus helping to bind together a large but fragmented area of study. By embracing all disciplines, time frames and locales, Labor History is the flagship journal of the entire field. All research articles published in the journal have undergone rigorous peer review, based on initial editor screening and refereeing by at least two anonymous referees.
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