Kryvyi Rih景观技术体系表层采矿景观的复垦

T. S. Koptieva
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的。以Shymaniv和Hanniv堆积场为例,探讨Kryvyi Rih景观技术体系中矿山景观表层的复垦。方法。历史分析、比较、制图、人为景观预测方法。结果。经鉴定,Shymaniv排土场是由南方矿山在1960 ~ 1967年建立的,属于混合排土场,是由汽车尾砂堆积场形成的,堆积场表面平整,呈高原状。地质构造中的排土场具有较低的堆积微带,由未发育的结晶岩、灰岩、类黄土壤土组成;以碎石、砂石、石块块为特征的中部剥蚀微带和以石块、花岗岩为特征的上部剥蚀微带。该排土场经复垦,具有植被发芽的有利条件。以汉尼夫排土场为例,探讨了合理利用矿区地表景观的可能性。汉尼夫垃圾场是一个混合垃圾场,高度为90米,部分已填海。为使植物快速适应异常地形,改善受扰土地,提出了一种渐进式生物复垦技术。开发了反映克雷维依日矿区景观技术体系表层的生物复垦地图和技术。结论。Kryvyi Rih景观技术体系中矿山景观表层的复垦是存在的,需要对其进行详细的研究,以防止因采矿业的作用而导致扰动土地的退化。以Shymaniv和Hanniv排土场为例,对矿山景观表面层的复垦进行了调查,确定了排土场的历史,证实了影响排土场表面层复垦形成的地质地貌、水文、气候、土壤生物过程,并以Hanniv排土场为例,提出了逐步生物复垦技术。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The reclamation of the surface layer of mining landscapes of Kryvyi Rih landscape technical system
Purpose. To investigate the reclamation of the surface layer of mining landscapes of Kryvyi Rih landscape technical system on the example of Shymaniv and Hanniv dumps. Methods. Historical analysis, comparative, cartographic, method of anthropogenic landscape forecasting. Results. It has been determined that Shymaniv dump was created by the Southern Mining and Processing Plant in 1960–1967, belongs to mixed dumps, was formed by automobile tailings resulted into tiers with a leveled and plateau-like surface. The dump in the geological structure has a lower accumulative microstrip, which consists of crystalline rocks that are not involved into development, limestones, loess-like loams; the middle accumulative – denudation microstrip, which is characterized by crushed stone, sand, stone blocks and the upper denudation microstrip, which is represented by blocks and granites. The dump reclaimed and has favorable conditions for the germination of vegetation. By example of the Hanniv dump the possibility of rational use of the surface layer of mining landscapes was considered. The Hanniv dump is a mixed dump with its height of 90 m, partially reclaimed. A gradual biological reclamation technology is proposed for the rapid adaptation of plants to unusual terrain and the improvement of disturbed lands. Maps and technology of biological reclamation have been developed, which reflect the surface layer of mining landscapes of Kryvyi Rih landscape technical system. Conclusions. The reclamation of the surface layer of mining landscapes of Kryvyi Rih landscape technical system exists and needs a detailed study in order to prevent the degradation of disturbed lands due to the action of the mining industry. On the example of Shymaniv and Hanniv dumps the reclamation of the surface layer of mining landscapes has been investigated, the history of the dumps has been determined, the geological - geomorphological, hydrological, climatic, soil - biotic processes that influenced the favorable formation of the reclamation of the surface layer of the dumps have been substantiated, and a gradual biological reclamation technology has been proposed on the example of Hanniv dump.
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