{"title":"在次线性期望下的大数定律","authors":"Yongsheng Song","doi":"10.3934/puqr.2023015","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"We consider a sequence of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables $ \\{\\xi_k\\} $under a sublinear expectation $ \\mathbb{E} = \\sup_{P\\in\\Theta}E_P $. We first give a new proof to the fact that, under each $ P\\in\\Theta $, any cluster point of the empirical averages $ \\bar{\\xi}_n = (\\xi_1+\\cdots+\\xi_n)/n $ lies in $ [\\underline{\\mu}, \\overline{\\mu}] $ with $ \\underline{\\mu} = -\\mathbb{E}[-\\xi_1], \\overline{\\mu} = \\mathbb{E}[\\xi_1] $. Next, we consider sublinear expectations on a Polish space $ \\Omega $, and show that for each constant $ \\mu\\in [\\underline{\\mu},\\overline{\\mu}] $, there exists a probability $ P_{\\mu}\\in\\Theta $ such that$ \\lim\\limits_{n\\rightarrow \\infty}\\bar{\\xi}_n = \\mu, \\; P_{\\mu}\\text{-a.s.}, $(0.1) supposing that $ \\Theta $ is weakly compact and $ \\{\\xi_n\\}\\in L^1_{\\mathbb{E}}(\\Omega) $. Under the same conditions, we obtain a generalization of (0.1) in the product space $ \\Omega = \\mathbb{R}^{\\mathbb{N}} $ with $ \\mu\\in [\\underline{\\mu},\\overline{\\mu}] $ replaced by $ \\Pi = \\pi(\\xi_1, \\cdots,\\xi_d)\\in [\\underline{\\mu},\\overline{\\mu}] $. Here $ \\pi $ is a Borel measurable function on $ \\mathbb{R}^d $, $ d\\in\\mathbb{N} $. Finally, we characterize the triviality of the tail $ \\sigma $ -algebra of the i.i.d. random variables under a sublinear expectation.","PeriodicalId":42330,"journal":{"name":"Probability Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A strong law of large numbers under sublinear expectations\",\"authors\":\"Yongsheng Song\",\"doi\":\"10.3934/puqr.2023015\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"We consider a sequence of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables $ \\\\{\\\\xi_k\\\\} $under a sublinear expectation $ \\\\mathbb{E} = \\\\sup_{P\\\\in\\\\Theta}E_P $. We first give a new proof to the fact that, under each $ P\\\\in\\\\Theta $, any cluster point of the empirical averages $ \\\\bar{\\\\xi}_n = (\\\\xi_1+\\\\cdots+\\\\xi_n)/n $ lies in $ [\\\\underline{\\\\mu}, \\\\overline{\\\\mu}] $ with $ \\\\underline{\\\\mu} = -\\\\mathbb{E}[-\\\\xi_1], \\\\overline{\\\\mu} = \\\\mathbb{E}[\\\\xi_1] $. Next, we consider sublinear expectations on a Polish space $ \\\\Omega $, and show that for each constant $ \\\\mu\\\\in [\\\\underline{\\\\mu},\\\\overline{\\\\mu}] $, there exists a probability $ P_{\\\\mu}\\\\in\\\\Theta $ such that$ \\\\lim\\\\limits_{n\\\\rightarrow \\\\infty}\\\\bar{\\\\xi}_n = \\\\mu, \\\\; P_{\\\\mu}\\\\text{-a.s.}, $(0.1) supposing that $ \\\\Theta $ is weakly compact and $ \\\\{\\\\xi_n\\\\}\\\\in L^1_{\\\\mathbb{E}}(\\\\Omega) $. Under the same conditions, we obtain a generalization of (0.1) in the product space $ \\\\Omega = \\\\mathbb{R}^{\\\\mathbb{N}} $ with $ \\\\mu\\\\in [\\\\underline{\\\\mu},\\\\overline{\\\\mu}] $ replaced by $ \\\\Pi = \\\\pi(\\\\xi_1, \\\\cdots,\\\\xi_d)\\\\in [\\\\underline{\\\\mu},\\\\overline{\\\\mu}] $. Here $ \\\\pi $ is a Borel measurable function on $ \\\\mathbb{R}^d $, $ d\\\\in\\\\mathbb{N} $. Finally, we characterize the triviality of the tail $ \\\\sigma $ -algebra of the i.i.d. random variables under a sublinear expectation.\",\"PeriodicalId\":42330,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Probability Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk\",\"volume\":\"87 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Probability Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3934/puqr.2023015\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"数学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"STATISTICS & PROBABILITY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Probability Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3934/puqr.2023015","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"STATISTICS & PROBABILITY","Score":null,"Total":0}
A strong law of large numbers under sublinear expectations
We consider a sequence of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables $ \{\xi_k\} $under a sublinear expectation $ \mathbb{E} = \sup_{P\in\Theta}E_P $. We first give a new proof to the fact that, under each $ P\in\Theta $, any cluster point of the empirical averages $ \bar{\xi}_n = (\xi_1+\cdots+\xi_n)/n $ lies in $ [\underline{\mu}, \overline{\mu}] $ with $ \underline{\mu} = -\mathbb{E}[-\xi_1], \overline{\mu} = \mathbb{E}[\xi_1] $. Next, we consider sublinear expectations on a Polish space $ \Omega $, and show that for each constant $ \mu\in [\underline{\mu},\overline{\mu}] $, there exists a probability $ P_{\mu}\in\Theta $ such that$ \lim\limits_{n\rightarrow \infty}\bar{\xi}_n = \mu, \; P_{\mu}\text{-a.s.}, $(0.1) supposing that $ \Theta $ is weakly compact and $ \{\xi_n\}\in L^1_{\mathbb{E}}(\Omega) $. Under the same conditions, we obtain a generalization of (0.1) in the product space $ \Omega = \mathbb{R}^{\mathbb{N}} $ with $ \mu\in [\underline{\mu},\overline{\mu}] $ replaced by $ \Pi = \pi(\xi_1, \cdots,\xi_d)\in [\underline{\mu},\overline{\mu}] $. Here $ \pi $ is a Borel measurable function on $ \mathbb{R}^d $, $ d\in\mathbb{N} $. Finally, we characterize the triviality of the tail $ \sigma $ -algebra of the i.i.d. random variables under a sublinear expectation.
期刊介绍:
Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk (PUQR) is a quarterly academic journal under the supervision of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China and hosted by Shandong University, which is open to the public at home and abroad (ISSN 2095-9672; CN 37-1505/O1).
Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk (PUQR) mainly reports on the major developments in modern probability theory, covering stochastic analysis and statistics, stochastic processes, dynamical analysis and control theory, and their applications in the fields of finance, economics, biology, and computer science. The journal is currently indexed in ESCI, Scopus, Mathematical Reviews, zbMATH Open and other databases.