Troy J. Ostmeyer, Somayanda M. Impa, Scott R. Bean, Rajveer Dhillon, Chad Hayes, Glen Ritchie, Antonio R. Asebedo, Yves Emendack, S. V. Krishna Jagadish
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The impacts of in-season split application of N have little documentation.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Aim</h3>\n \n <p>An experiment was conducted to determine the optimum rate and timing of N to relate vegetative indices that govern nitrogen use efficiency and to maximize grain yield and quality under different soil types.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Pioneer 86P20 was grown in three environments on two different soil types following a completely randomized block design with nine N application treatments. Treatments included differing N rates applied at critical developmental stages of sorghum (planting, panicle initiation, and booting), accompanied with high temporal aerial phenotyping.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Opportunities to increase grain protein content while using split N applications were observed, with panicle initiation identified as a critical developmental stage. In-season split application of N enhances grain yield under low soil mineral N. Split application of 31 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> each at the time of planting, panicle initiation, and booting emerged as optimum N treatment to increase protein content in sorghum. Vegetative indices, that is, normalized difference vegetation index and normalized difference red edge index are capable of predicting grain yield and protein content, respectively. Intra-panicle grain numbers and weights were altered significantly at different portions within panicles, with an opportunity to enhance yield potential at the bottom portion. The strong stay-green trait in this hybrid locked a large proportion of nitrogen in the leaves, which warrants the need for balancing stay-green and senescence in sorghum improvement programs.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Findings highlight that in grain sorghum remobilization of residual leaf N into grain is a target to increase yield and grain quality. An optimized stay-green trait balanced with senescence is recommended for enhancing sorghum yield potential.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"186 6","pages":"647-660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202200325","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Impact of in-season split application of nitrogen on intra-panicle grain dynamics, grain quality, and vegetative indices that govern nitrogen use efficiency in sorghum\",\"authors\":\"Troy J. Ostmeyer, Somayanda M. Impa, Scott R. Bean, Rajveer Dhillon, Chad Hayes, Glen Ritchie, Antonio R. Asebedo, Yves Emendack, S. V. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景正确的施氮速率和施氮时机有可能通过改良籽粒产量组成和品质来提高高粱的生产力。季节性分施氮肥的影响文献很少。目的通过试验确定不同土壤类型下氮素的最佳施氮量和施氮时机，以关联控制氮素利用效率的营养指标，实现籽粒产量和品质的最大化。方法采用完全随机区组设计，采用9种施氮处理，在2种不同土壤类型的3种环境下进行Pioneer 86P20生长试验。处理包括在高粱的关键发育阶段(种植、穗萌发和孕穗期)施用不同的氮肥，并伴有高时间空中表型。结果施裂氮可提高籽粒蛋白质含量，穗萌发是水稻发育的关键阶段。在低矿质氮条件下，当季分施氮肥可提高高粱产量，在种植期、穗期和孕穗期各分施31 kg N ha - 1是提高高粱蛋白质含量的最佳氮肥处理。营养指标，即归一化差异植被指数和归一化差异红边指数分别能够预测籽粒产量和蛋白质含量。穗内粒数和粒重在穗内不同部位发生显著变化，在穗下部分有机会提高产量潜力。该杂交品种具有较强的保绿特性，叶片中氮素含量较高，因此在高粱改良中需要兼顾保绿与抗衰老。结论在高粱中，残叶氮的再动员是提高产量和粮食品质的一个目标。为提高高粱的产量潜力，推荐一种与衰老平衡的最佳留绿性状。
Impact of in-season split application of nitrogen on intra-panicle grain dynamics, grain quality, and vegetative indices that govern nitrogen use efficiency in sorghum
Background
The correct rate and timing of nitrogen (N) has the potential to improve sorghum productivity through modified grain yield components and quality. The impacts of in-season split application of N have little documentation.
Aim
An experiment was conducted to determine the optimum rate and timing of N to relate vegetative indices that govern nitrogen use efficiency and to maximize grain yield and quality under different soil types.
Methods
Pioneer 86P20 was grown in three environments on two different soil types following a completely randomized block design with nine N application treatments. Treatments included differing N rates applied at critical developmental stages of sorghum (planting, panicle initiation, and booting), accompanied with high temporal aerial phenotyping.
Results
Opportunities to increase grain protein content while using split N applications were observed, with panicle initiation identified as a critical developmental stage. In-season split application of N enhances grain yield under low soil mineral N. Split application of 31 kg N ha−1 each at the time of planting, panicle initiation, and booting emerged as optimum N treatment to increase protein content in sorghum. Vegetative indices, that is, normalized difference vegetation index and normalized difference red edge index are capable of predicting grain yield and protein content, respectively. Intra-panicle grain numbers and weights were altered significantly at different portions within panicles, with an opportunity to enhance yield potential at the bottom portion. The strong stay-green trait in this hybrid locked a large proportion of nitrogen in the leaves, which warrants the need for balancing stay-green and senescence in sorghum improvement programs.
Conclusions
Findings highlight that in grain sorghum remobilization of residual leaf N into grain is a target to increase yield and grain quality. An optimized stay-green trait balanced with senescence is recommended for enhancing sorghum yield potential.
期刊介绍：
Established in 1922, the Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science (JPNSS) is an international peer-reviewed journal devoted to cover the entire spectrum of plant nutrition and soil science from different scale units, e.g. agroecosystem to natural systems. With its wide scope and focus on soil-plant interactions, JPNSS is one of the leading journals on this topic. Articles in JPNSS include reviews, high-standard original papers, and short communications and represent challenging research of international significance. The Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science is one of the world’s oldest journals. You can trust in a peer-reviewed journal that has been established in the plant and soil science community for almost 100 years.
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science (ISSN 1436-8730) is published in six volumes per year, by the German Societies of Plant Nutrition (DGP) and Soil Science (DBG). Furthermore, the Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science (JPNSS) is a Cooperating Journal of the International Union of Soil Science (IUSS). The journal is produced by Wiley-VCH.
Topical Divisions of the Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science that are receiving increasing attention are:
JPNSS – Topical Divisions
Special timely focus in interdisciplinarity:
- sustainability & critical zone science.
Soil-Plant Interactions:
- rhizosphere science & soil ecology
- pollutant cycling & plant-soil protection
- land use & climate change.
Soil Science:
- soil chemistry & soil physics
- soil biology & biogeochemistry
- soil genesis & mineralogy.
Plant Nutrition:
- plant nutritional physiology
- nutrient dynamics & soil fertility
- ecophysiological aspects of plant nutrition.
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