Angiofibroma of the maxillary sinus mimicking mucocele: a diagnostic challenge

Abstract Background Angiofibroma is a rare, histologically benign but locally aggressive vascular tumour that typically arises within the nasopharynx. Angiofibroma in sites other than the nasopharynx is extremely uncommon. Despite the histological similarities, the clinical features of this tumour are very much different from the typical nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and pose a diagnostic challenge, hence emphasizing the importance of a thorough evaluation and high index of suspicion in establishing the correct diagnosis. Case presentation A 25-year-old gentleman presented with progressive right nasal blockage and intermittent nasal discharge for 3 years duration. He was clinically and radiologically diagnosed as a mucocele. Surgical excision was done via endoscopic medial maxillectomy with complete relief of all the symptoms. Conclusion Although uncommon, angiofibroma can occur outside the nasopharynx. Therefore, thorough evaluation and a high index of suspicion are crucial in establishing the correct diagnosis.