1600年前的俄罗斯历史:转向后殖民视角?

IF 0.3 3区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY
Gleb Kazakov
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A long-standing tradition in Russian historical literature sees an important threshold in the Petrine reforms at the beginning of the 18th century, thus everything before Peter the Great is labeled as \"Old Russia\" (Drevniaia Rus´). A different approach has gained popularity in recent years among North American scholars: here the Russian 18th century is viewed as a natural continuation of the state and empire building begun by Ivan III (1462–1505) of Muscovy, and the start of Russian modernity is postponed to roughly 1800.1 The early modern period of Russian [End Page 873] history thus stretches over three and a half centuries. Different stages of this long epoch have received different levels of attention in the historiography. Interest toward the study of the 18th-century Russian empire has indisputably been greatest. The rather uncomplicated access—for foreign scholars—to archival sources (most of which are stored in one central archive—the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts [Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv drevnikh aktov, RGADA]), which was the norm from the 1990s to the outbreak of war in 2022, has accelerated research on 17th-century Russian history, opening it up to new approaches, topics, and methods. The history of Russia (or, to be more precise, of the Grand Principality of Moscow) before the 1530s has, however, received less attention and is still largely viewed within the old Karamzinian paradigm of the \"gathering of the Rus´ lands\" by the grand princes of Moscow. This paradigm remains, by and large, very Moscow centered and, as one may even call it, proto-imperial in its main narrative, for it recognizes only the agency of one particular actor, leaving other entities of the region—be it the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Tver´, or Novgorod—in the role of mere obstacles along the path of the emerging centralized state. Since the appearance of Andreas Kappeler's Russland als Vielvölkerreich in 1992 (published in English as The Russian Empire: A Multiethnic History), the view of tsarist Russia as an empire and a multiethnic colonial state has been largely accepted by Western academics.2 However, the discourse about Russia's colonialism usually starts with the conquest of Kazan in 1552, leaving the prior centuries a gray area.3 The changes are, however, most likely already underway. It is no secret that the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine is having a significant impact on the field of East European studies. Not only political scientists dealing with the evolution and nature of Putin's regime but also historians are being confronted with the question: should the role of the colonial discourse in Russian history be stressed even further or even reevaluated? Certainly, the most lively debates about the role and nature of Russian colonialism arise from the history of the 19th and 20th centuries, but even the premodern period cannot be omitted from [End Page 874] current trends.4 Russian propaganda narratives before and during the war have demonstrated that the medieval and early modern periods can be exploited to create historical myths.5 A deconstruction of the old paradigm of the history of Moscow's emergence and rise as well as a tendency to give voice to subaltern actors in the history of Eastern Europe in the 14th to 16th centuries are to be expected in the immediate future. In this essay, I do not claim to cover the whole...","PeriodicalId":45639,"journal":{"name":"KRITIKA-EXPLORATIONS IN RUSSIAN AND EURASIAN HISTORY","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Russian History Pre-1600: A Turn to a Postcolonial Perspective?\",\"authors\":\"Gleb Kazakov\",\"doi\":\"10.1353/kri.2023.a910985\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Russian History Pre-1600A Turn to a Postcolonial Perspective? Gleb Kazakov (bio) Marat Shaikhutdinov, Between East and West: The Formation of the Moscow State. 274 pp. Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2021. ISBN-13 978-1644697139. $109.00. Vladimir Shirogorov, War on the Eve of Nations: Conflicts and Militaries in Eastern Europe, 1450–1500. 509 pp. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2021. ISBN-13 978-1793622402. $142.00. Cornelia Soldat, Russland als Ziel kolonialer Eroberung: Heinrich von Stadens Pläne für ein Moskauer Reich im 16. Jahrhundert (Russia as a Goal of Colonial Conquest: Heinrich von Staden's Plans for a Muscovite State in the 16th Century). 285 pp. Bielefeld: transcript, 2022. ISBN-13 978-3837661644. €45.00. It is not a simple task to define what should be considered the \\\"premodern\\\" era in Russian history. A long-standing tradition in Russian historical literature sees an important threshold in the Petrine reforms at the beginning of the 18th century, thus everything before Peter the Great is labeled as \\\"Old Russia\\\" (Drevniaia Rus´). A different approach has gained popularity in recent years among North American scholars: here the Russian 18th century is viewed as a natural continuation of the state and empire building begun by Ivan III (1462–1505) of Muscovy, and the start of Russian modernity is postponed to roughly 1800.1 The early modern period of Russian [End Page 873] history thus stretches over three and a half centuries. Different stages of this long epoch have received different levels of attention in the historiography. Interest toward the study of the 18th-century Russian empire has indisputably been greatest. The rather uncomplicated access—for foreign scholars—to archival sources (most of which are stored in one central archive—the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts [Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv drevnikh aktov, RGADA]), which was the norm from the 1990s to the outbreak of war in 2022, has accelerated research on 17th-century Russian history, opening it up to new approaches, topics, and methods. The history of Russia (or, to be more precise, of the Grand Principality of Moscow) before the 1530s has, however, received less attention and is still largely viewed within the old Karamzinian paradigm of the \\\"gathering of the Rus´ lands\\\" by the grand princes of Moscow. This paradigm remains, by and large, very Moscow centered and, as one may even call it, proto-imperial in its main narrative, for it recognizes only the agency of one particular actor, leaving other entities of the region—be it the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Tver´, or Novgorod—in the role of mere obstacles along the path of the emerging centralized state. Since the appearance of Andreas Kappeler's Russland als Vielvölkerreich in 1992 (published in English as The Russian Empire: A Multiethnic History), the view of tsarist Russia as an empire and a multiethnic colonial state has been largely accepted by Western academics.2 However, the discourse about Russia's colonialism usually starts with the conquest of Kazan in 1552, leaving the prior centuries a gray area.3 The changes are, however, most likely already underway. It is no secret that the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine is having a significant impact on the field of East European studies. Not only political scientists dealing with the evolution and nature of Putin's regime but also historians are being confronted with the question: should the role of the colonial discourse in Russian history be stressed even further or even reevaluated? Certainly, the most lively debates about the role and nature of Russian colonialism arise from the history of the 19th and 20th centuries, but even the premodern period cannot be omitted from [End Page 874] current trends.4 Russian propaganda narratives before and during the war have demonstrated that the medieval and early modern periods can be exploited to create historical myths.5 A deconstruction of the old paradigm of the history of Moscow's emergence and rise as well as a tendency to give voice to subaltern actors in the history of Eastern Europe in the 14th to 16th centuries are to be expected in the immediate future. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

1600年前的俄罗斯历史:转向后殖民视角?Gleb Kazakov(传记)Marat Shaikhutdinov,东西方之间:莫斯科国家的形成。274页。波士顿:学术研究出版社,2021。ISBN-13 978 - 1644697139。109.00美元。Vladimir Shirogorov:《国家前夕的战争:东欧的冲突与军事,1450-1500》。509页。兰哈姆,马里兰州:列克星敦图书,2021。ISBN-13 978 - 1793622402。142.00美元。科妮莉亚·索尔达特,俄罗斯,齐尔·科洛尼亚·埃洛贝格:海因里希·冯·斯塔登斯Pläne 莫斯科帝国出版社,2006年。俄罗斯作为殖民征服的目标:海因里希·冯·斯塔登在16世纪的莫斯科国家计划)。285页。比勒费尔德:文稿,2022年。ISBN-13 978 - 3837661644。€45.00。定义俄罗斯历史上的“前现代”时代并非易事。俄罗斯历史文献中有一个悠久的传统,18世纪初的彼得大帝改革是一个重要的起点,因此彼得大帝之前的一切都被贴上了“旧俄罗斯”(Drevniaia Rus’)的标签。近年来,一种不同的方法在北美学者中越来越受欢迎:在这里,俄罗斯的18世纪被视为莫斯科公国伊凡三世(1462-1505)开始的国家和帝国建设的自然延续,俄罗斯现代性的开始被推迟到大约1800.1 .俄罗斯早期的现代历史因此延伸了三个半世纪。这一漫长时期的不同阶段在史学上受到了不同程度的关注。毫无疑问,人们对18世纪俄罗斯帝国的研究兴趣最大。对于外国学者来说,相当简单的访问档案资源(其中大部分存储在一个中央档案馆-俄罗斯国家古代档案[RGADA]]),这是从20世纪90年代到2022年战争爆发的规范,加速了对17世纪俄罗斯历史的研究,为新的方法,主题和方法打开了大门。然而,1530年代之前的俄罗斯历史(或者更准确地说,莫斯科大公国的历史)受到的关注较少,并且在很大程度上仍然被视为莫斯科大公“聚集罗斯土地”的旧卡拉姆齐尼范式。总的来说,这种模式仍然是以莫斯科为中心的,在其主要叙事中,人们甚至可以称之为原型帝国,因为它只承认一个特定行动者的代理,而该地区的其他实体——无论是立陶宛大公国、特维尔还是诺夫哥罗德——都只是新兴中央集权国家道路上的障碍。自1992年安德烈亚斯·卡佩勒的《俄罗斯帝国:多民族历史》(the Russian Empire: A Multiethnic History)一书出版以来,沙皇俄国作为一个帝国和多民族殖民国家的观点在很大程度上被西方学者所接受然而,关于俄罗斯殖民主义的论述通常从1552年对喀山的征服开始,把之前的几个世纪留在灰色地带然而,这些变化很可能已经在进行中。众所周知,俄罗斯对乌克兰的侵略战争对东欧研究领域产生了重大影响。不仅是研究普京政权演变和性质的政治学家,历史学家也面临着这样一个问题:殖民话语在俄罗斯历史中的作用是否应该进一步强调,甚至重新评估?当然,关于俄罗斯殖民主义的作用和性质的最激烈的辩论来自19世纪和20世纪的历史,但即使是前现代时期也不能从当前的趋势中忽略俄罗斯在战前和战争期间的宣传叙述表明,中世纪和近代早期可以被用来创造历史神话在不久的将来,莫斯科崛起历史的旧范式将被解构,14至16世纪东欧历史中次等角色的话语权也将被赋予。在这篇文章中,我并不声称涵盖了全部……
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Russian History Pre-1600: A Turn to a Postcolonial Perspective?
Russian History Pre-1600A Turn to a Postcolonial Perspective? Gleb Kazakov (bio) Marat Shaikhutdinov, Between East and West: The Formation of the Moscow State. 274 pp. Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2021. ISBN-13 978-1644697139. $109.00. Vladimir Shirogorov, War on the Eve of Nations: Conflicts and Militaries in Eastern Europe, 1450–1500. 509 pp. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2021. ISBN-13 978-1793622402. $142.00. Cornelia Soldat, Russland als Ziel kolonialer Eroberung: Heinrich von Stadens Pläne für ein Moskauer Reich im 16. Jahrhundert (Russia as a Goal of Colonial Conquest: Heinrich von Staden's Plans for a Muscovite State in the 16th Century). 285 pp. Bielefeld: transcript, 2022. ISBN-13 978-3837661644. €45.00. It is not a simple task to define what should be considered the "premodern" era in Russian history. A long-standing tradition in Russian historical literature sees an important threshold in the Petrine reforms at the beginning of the 18th century, thus everything before Peter the Great is labeled as "Old Russia" (Drevniaia Rus´). A different approach has gained popularity in recent years among North American scholars: here the Russian 18th century is viewed as a natural continuation of the state and empire building begun by Ivan III (1462–1505) of Muscovy, and the start of Russian modernity is postponed to roughly 1800.1 The early modern period of Russian [End Page 873] history thus stretches over three and a half centuries. Different stages of this long epoch have received different levels of attention in the historiography. Interest toward the study of the 18th-century Russian empire has indisputably been greatest. The rather uncomplicated access—for foreign scholars—to archival sources (most of which are stored in one central archive—the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts [Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv drevnikh aktov, RGADA]), which was the norm from the 1990s to the outbreak of war in 2022, has accelerated research on 17th-century Russian history, opening it up to new approaches, topics, and methods. The history of Russia (or, to be more precise, of the Grand Principality of Moscow) before the 1530s has, however, received less attention and is still largely viewed within the old Karamzinian paradigm of the "gathering of the Rus´ lands" by the grand princes of Moscow. This paradigm remains, by and large, very Moscow centered and, as one may even call it, proto-imperial in its main narrative, for it recognizes only the agency of one particular actor, leaving other entities of the region—be it the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Tver´, or Novgorod—in the role of mere obstacles along the path of the emerging centralized state. Since the appearance of Andreas Kappeler's Russland als Vielvölkerreich in 1992 (published in English as The Russian Empire: A Multiethnic History), the view of tsarist Russia as an empire and a multiethnic colonial state has been largely accepted by Western academics.2 However, the discourse about Russia's colonialism usually starts with the conquest of Kazan in 1552, leaving the prior centuries a gray area.3 The changes are, however, most likely already underway. It is no secret that the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine is having a significant impact on the field of East European studies. Not only political scientists dealing with the evolution and nature of Putin's regime but also historians are being confronted with the question: should the role of the colonial discourse in Russian history be stressed even further or even reevaluated? Certainly, the most lively debates about the role and nature of Russian colonialism arise from the history of the 19th and 20th centuries, but even the premodern period cannot be omitted from [End Page 874] current trends.4 Russian propaganda narratives before and during the war have demonstrated that the medieval and early modern periods can be exploited to create historical myths.5 A deconstruction of the old paradigm of the history of Moscow's emergence and rise as well as a tendency to give voice to subaltern actors in the history of Eastern Europe in the 14th to 16th centuries are to be expected in the immediate future. In this essay, I do not claim to cover the whole...
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
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期刊介绍: A leading journal of Russian and Eurasian history and culture, Kritika is dedicated to internationalizing the field and making it relevant to a broad interdisciplinary audience. The journal regularly publishes forums, discussions, and special issues; it regularly translates important works by Russian and European scholars into English; and it publishes in every issue in-depth, lengthy review articles, review essays, and reviews of Russian, Eurasian, and European works that are rarely, if ever, reviewed in North American Russian studies journals.
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