奥巴马的“无人机演讲”和911后“正义战争”的意义

IF 0.1 3区 文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM
John LeJeune
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引用次数: 0

摘要

点击放大图片点击缩小图片披露声明作者未发现潜在的利益冲突。在阿富汗北部另一场代号为“Haymaker行动”的行动也说明了这一点。当举报人向《拦截》提供了一份秘密文件时,报道称“在2012年1月至2013年2月期间,美国特种部队的空袭造成200多人死亡。”其中,只有35个是预定目标。根据文件,在为期五个月的行动中,近90%在空袭中丧生的人不是预定的目标。2015年1月的《国家》杂志报道,“在截至2014年9月30日的财政年度,美国特种作战部队(SOF)部署到133个国家——大约占地球上国家的70%——根据美国特种作战司令部(SOCOM)公共事务官员罗伯特·布克霍尔特中校的说法。在这三年的时间里,这个国家最精锐的部队活跃在全球150多个不同的国家,执行从杀死/捕获的夜间突袭到训练演习的各种任务。”(Turse) 3。例如,在2013年10月5日,也就是总统5月23日无人机演讲的四个月后,美国总统奥巴马宣布,海豹突击队对伊斯兰激进组织青年党发动了“闪电式两栖攻击”,其具体目的是“抓获而不是杀死”该组织高级指挥官阿卜杜勒卡迪尔·穆罕默德·阿卜杜勒卡迪。根据五角大楼官员的说法,当一场城市交火可能造成大量平民伤亡时,该任务被取消了。在另一个著名的任务中,2014年8月,特种作战部队试图从叙利亚的ISIS俘虏手中救出记者詹姆斯·福利,但未能成功。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Barack Obama’s “Drone Speech” and the Meaning of “Just War” After 9/11
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. A separate campaign in Northern Afghanistan, codenamed Operation Haymaker, was also indicative. When whistleblowers provided a cache of secret documents to The Intercept, it was reported that “between January 2012 and February 2013, U.S. special operations airstrikes killed more than 200 people. Of those, only 35 were the intended targets. During one five-month period of the operation, according to the documents, nearly 90% of the people killed in airstrikes were not the intended targets” (Devereaux).2. A January 2015 issue of The Nation reported, “During the fiscal year that ended September 30, 2014, US Special Operations forces (SOF) deployed to 133 countries—roughly 70% of the nations on the planet—according to Lieutenant Colonel Robert Bockholt, a public affairs officer with the US Special Operations Command (SOCOM). This capped a three-year span in which the country’s most elite forces were active in more than 150 different countries around the world, conducting missions ranging from kill/capture night raids to training exercises.” (Turse)3. On October 5, 2013, for example—some four months after the President’s May 23rd Drone Speech—U.S. Navy Seals launched a “lightning amphibious assault on the Islamist militant group al-Shabaab,” with the specific intent of “capturing, not killing” senior commander Abdulkadir Mohamed Abdulkadi. The mission was aborted, according to Pentagon officials, when an urban firefight threatened to cause high civilian casualties (Ahmed et al.). In another famous mission, Special Ops troops in August 2014 attempted but failed to rescue journalist James Foley from his ISIS captors in Syria (Goldman and DeYoung).
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LIT-Literature Interpretation Theory
LIT-Literature Interpretation Theory LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM-
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