通过学生对化石动物群的分析来研究未来全球气候变化可能对局部产生的影响

IF 0.3 4区 教育学 Q4 BIOLOGY
William David Lambert
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引用次数: 0

摘要

非科学家,尤其是政策制定者向环境科学家提出的一个常见问题是:在一个全球变暖的世界里,特定地理区域的新气候会是什么样子?这个问题已经并将继续通过计算机建模来解决,这是一种对绝大多数学生来说遥不可及的技术。然而,对于学生来说,研究这个问题的另一种方法更实用。利用相关现代生物的气候耐受性,可以从化石中推断出特定地区过去的气候。当这些推断出的过去气候与地球历史上二氧化碳水平与今天一样高或更高的时期相对应时,这些数据可以用来推断全球变暖世界中未来可能出现的局部气候。大约发生在12万年前的最后一个更新世间冰期(被称为Eemian)是进行这类研究的理想时期,原因如下。首先,当时的二氧化碳浓度升高到接近现代全球环境的水平,海平面比今天高得多,这证明世界变暖了。其次,大多数伊米米亚时代的动物(尤其是软体动物)仍然存在,具有已知的气候耐受性,并且作为化石相对常见。研究软体动物化石的学生们运用这种方法来推断南佛罗里达和弗吉尼亚沿海地区的伊姆斯气候,出乎意料地发现,这两个地区的伊姆斯气候与现代的并没有太大的不同。这里描述的方法可以用于解决其他重要问题,并将这种真实的和潜在的有价值的科学研究置于学生科学家的实践范围内。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Class Project for Investigating Possible Future Local Effects of Global Climate Change through Student Analysis of Fossil Faunas
A common question posed to environmental scientists by nonscientists, particularly policymakers, is the following: In a world that is globally warmer, what will the new climate be like in specific geographical regions? This question has been and continues to be addressed by computer modeling, a technique that is out of reach for vast majority of students. However, an alternate approach to investigating this issue exists that is more practical for students. Past climates can be inferred for specific regions from fossils, utilizing climate tolerances of related modern organisms. When these inferred past climates correspond to periods of the Earth’s history where levels of carbon dioxide were as high or higher than today, these data can be used to extrapolate possible future local climates in a globally warmer world. The last Pleistocene interglacial period (known as the Eemian), which occurred approximately 120,000 years ago, is an ideal time period for studies of this kind for the following reasons. First, carbon dioxide levels were elevated at this time to levels approximating modern global conditions, and the world was warmer as evidenced by a much higher sea level than exists today. Secondly, most Eemian-age animals (especially mollusks) still exist, have known climate tolerances, and are relatively common as fossils. Students examining fossil mollusk faunas have applied this methodology to infer the Eemian climates of South Florida and coastal Virginia and found unexpectedly that for both regions the Eemian climate did not greatly differ from the modern one. The methodology described here can be used to address other important questions and puts such authentic and potentially valuable scientific research within practical reach of student scientists.
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来源期刊
American Biology Teacher
American Biology Teacher BIOLOGY-EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
20.00%
发文量
108
期刊介绍: The American Biology Teacher is an award winning and peer-refereed professional journal for K-16 biology teachers. Articles include topics such as modern biology content, biology teaching strategies for both the classroom and laboratory, field activities, and a wide range of assistance for application and professional development. Each issue features reviews of books, classroom technology products, and "Biology Today." Published 9 times a year, the journal also covers the social and ethical implications of biology and ways to incorporate such concerns into instructional programs.
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